PubMed · 6599740
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D Orstavik. 1984. [Endodontic sealing materials].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6599740/
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The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the peripheral effect of opioids in oromaxillary procedures and to investigate whether postoperative morphine sulfate plus lidocaine administered as a local spray achieve better analgesic efficacy than lidocaine applied alone. The double-blind randomized study included 60 patients. The patients exhibited neither preoperative pain nor inflammation (tooth extractions) and when pain occurred received as alternative medication diclofenac retard 50 mg or tramadol. Side effects were documented. No differences between the two groups were observed in the demographic data, visual and numeric analog scale in the first 24 h, or in the consumption of analgesics. Since the patients presented in a pain-free state at the time of surgery, apparently no activation of the peripheral opioid receptors occurs. Thus, a peripheral effect of opioids could not be demonstrated in this model.
The efficacy of 0.25% fipronil spray (Frontline Spray, Merial), 10% fipronil spot-on (Frontline Spot-on for Cats, Merial) and 10% fipronil/12% (S)-methoprene (Frontline Plus for Cats, Merial) against the biting louse Felicola subrostratus on cats was assessed and confirmed under laboratory conditions. A field study evaluated the efficacy of a single topical application of Frontline Spray, and spot-on against the parasite on cats. In the laboratory studies, animals were allocated based on pre-treatment louse counts to the treatment groups: (1) untreated control and (2) 10% fipronil spot-on in the exploratory study or (1) untreated control, (2) 0.25% fipronil spray, at 6 ml/kg; (3) 10% fipronil spot-on as per label and (4) 10% fipronil/12% (S)-methoprene as per label in the confirmation study. Cats in treatment groups 2-4 were treated twice topically on Days 0 and 28. No live F. subrostratus were found on cats treated with fipronil formulations at any post-treatment examination. The difference from controls was significant (P < 0.01) for each product at each examination. Based on whole body counts at Day 42, the efficacy of each product was determined to be 100%. In the field study, cats were allocated in strict order of presentation. Cats were randomly allocated to one of the three treatment groups: (1) propoxur collar (Bolfo, Bayer); (2) 0.25% fipronil spray, at 6 ml/kg and (3) 10% fipronil spot-on as per label. Cats were treated once topically on Day 0. Louse counts of cats treated with fipronil formulations were not different than those of cats receiving the propoxur collar. The efficacy was determined to be > 98% on Day 2 and 100% on Days 28 and 42 in all treatment groups. The results of these studies demonstrate that fipronil in topical formulations is effective for treatment and control of biting lice (F. subrostratus) infestations on cats.
Jet fuel are complex mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel components and performance additives. Three different membrane systems, silastic, porcine skin and the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) were used to gain insight into the possible mechanism for additive interactions on hydrocarbon component absorption. Influence of JP-8(100) additives on the dermal kinetics of 14C-naphthalene and 14C/3H-dodecane as markers of hydrocarbon absorption, were evaluated using analysis of means (ANOM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). This study indicated that the naphthalene absorption through silastic membrane was significantly different with JP-8 plus individual additives as compared to controls, i.e. JP-8 and JP-8(100). The porcine skin data indicated that neither individual nor combinations of additives affected naphthalene absorption. The third membrane system (IPPSF) showed that only MDA and BHT were important additives altering naphthalene absorption. MDA was a significant suppressor while BHT was a significant enhancer of naphthalene absorption. MDA significantly decreased dodecane absorption in skin flaps. All individual and combinations of two additives with JP-8 affected naphthalene and dodecane surface retention in silastic membrane. The IPPSF indicated that only 8Q405 is a significant modulator of surface retention for both marker hydrocarbons. The 8Q405 significantly reduced naphthalene contents in dosed silastic and skin indicating a direct interaction between additive and marker hydrocarbons. The MDA and BHT, which significantly retained naphthalene in the stratum corneum of porcine skin individually, led to a statistical decrease in its retention in the stratum corneum when in combination (MDA + BHT) suggesting a potential biological interaction. These observations demonstrate that the single membrane system may not be suitable for the final prediction of complex additive interactions in jet fuels. Rather a combination of different membrane systems may provide the insight to elucidate the possible mechanism for additive interactions. Finally, it is important to assess all components of a chemical mixture since the effects of single components administered alone or as pairs may be confounded when all are present in the complete mixture.