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PubMed · 6702034

Cloacal exstrophy.

R C Flanigan·A J Casale·J W McRoberts
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Abstract

Although each patient with cloacal exstrophy must be considered as a unique individual and much controversy still remains about the treatment of this complex syndrome, our review of the literature suggests that the previously detailed series of stages in the approach to this patient represents a conservative, individualized, yet successful approach.

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Bladder ExstrophyChild, PreschoolCloacaFemaleGenitaliaHumansInfantInfant, NewbornIntestinesMaleMethodsSurgery, PlasticJournal Article

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BibTeXRIS

R C Flanigan, A J Casale, J W McRoberts. 1984. Cloacal exstrophy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6702034/

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PubMed1995

Criteria for the prenatal diagnosis of classic bladder exstrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To define ultrasonographic criteria for the prenatal diagnosis of classic bladder exstrophy. METHODS: Forty-three prenatal ultrasound scans were studied from 25 pregnancies in which live delivery of an infant with classic bladder exstrophy occurred. The diagnosis of bladder exstrophy could be made retrospectively in 29 prenatal studies from 17 pregnancies. The time of the fetal ultrasound varied from 14-36 weeks' gestation (mean 23). The diagnosis of bladder exstrophy was made before delivery in only three cases. RESULTS: Five factors associated with bladder exstrophy were identified: 1) The bladder was not visualized on ultrasound in 12 of 17 cases (71%); 2) a lower abdominal bulge representing the exstrophied bladder was seen in eight of 17 cases (47%); 3) a small penis with anteriorly displaced scrotum was identified in eight of 14 males (57%); 4) the umbilical insertion was low set in five of 17 cases (29%); and 5) abnormal widening of the iliac crests was seen in three of 17 cases (18%). CONCLUSION: The prenatal diagnosis of bladder exstrophy should be considered any time the bladder is not visualized or any of the aforementioned factors are noted.

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PubMed1995

The 3-loop technique: a reliable technique for anterior pubic fixation in bladder exstrophy.

PURPOSE: In exstrophic anomalies the ultimate urological outcome largely depends on successful initial closure of the lower urinary tract and soft tissues. We believe that secure anterior pubic fixation is crucial for ensuring successful closure. After being dissatisfied with other methods of anterior pubic fixation we introduced the 3-loop method. The 3-loop technique and our experience with it are described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2 years 7 consecutive cases of bladder exstrophy were closed using the 3-loop technique. Patient age at closure ranged from newborn to 9 years. RESULTS: In all 7 patients closure was successful and there was no cutting through of the wires, bony erosion, or erosion into the reconstructed bladder neck or urethra. The duration of postoperative traction was only 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-loop method is useful and reliable for secure anterior pubic fixation of the pubes in bladder exstrophy patients and it contributes positively to the ultimate urological outcome.

Bladder Exstrophy↗