PubMed · 6868182
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
C Kahl. 1983. [Elbow joint contusions].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6868182/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
BACKGROUND: Fifty percent glycerin preserves immunotherapy solution potency for at least 3 years but must be diluted before injection to reduce glycerin-induced pain and inflammation. We studied pain, erythema, induration, and bruises caused by glycerin (0% to 30%). METHODS: In 15 healthy subjects we compared, in double-blind fashion, pain scores, injection site erythema, induration, and bruising caused by subcutaneous injections in randomized order of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ml of glycerin 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. RESULTS: Injection volume did not significantly influence pain scores from diluent alone (0% glycerin) (p greater than 0.1). Pain scores of subjects given glycerin (0.1 to 1 ml, 10% to 30%) increased significantly as both injection volume (p less than 0.001) and glycerin concentration (p less than 0.001) increased. Pain scores correlated with total glycerin dose administered (volume x concentration) (rs = 0.67, p less than 0.0005) but varied widely, from minimal to severe, in those given the same dose. Injection site erythema, induration, and bruising occurred in some subjects with significant positive correlations between total glycerin dose and both frequency and diameters of erythema and induration. However, these dermal reactions were of trivial clinical importance. CONCLUSION: Injected glycerin produces pain that is proportional to total injected dose of glycerin, but individual variation in perceived discomfort is substantial. Total glycerin doses of less than 0.05 ml rarely produce clinically important pain.
The purpose of this study was to use a meta-analysis of the current literature to identify which patients with blunt cardiac trauma develop complications. All studies on myocardial contusion since 1967 were reviewed. Three separate meta-analyses were performed: one with only prospective studies, one with only retrospective studies, and one with all studies combined. Data on electrocardiogram (ECG), creatine phosphokinase-MB isoenzyme (CPK-MB), radionuclide scans, and echocardiogram were analyzed using the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. Results of the three meta-analyses were similar. Abnormal ECG and abnormal CPK-MB were found to correlate directly with complications requiring treatment. Conversely, normal ECG and CPK-MB correlated with the lack of clinically significant complications. Radionuclide scans did not correlate with complications. The results for echocardiogram were not congruent between the prospective and retrospective studies. The data support the use of ECG and CPK-MB in the diagnosis of clinically significant myocardial contusion. Radionuclide scanning is not useful in the evaluation of patients with blunt cardiac trauma. Further studies need to define the role of echocardiography.
Pulmonary contusion is the most common injury identified in blunt chest trauma. Despite improvements in diagnostic imaging and critical care, the associated mortality has not appreciably changed over the last three decades. Parenchymal injury ultimately manifests as alveolar collapse and lung consolidation. Early detection and intervention toward minimizing injury progression provides the greatest chance for survival. Avoiding fluid overload, oxygen therapy, and a low threshold for mechanical ventilation are useful therapeutic guidelines. Complications include pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome, which may occur in up to one half of all cases. Pulmonary contusion is a serious injury that may complicate patient management as well as pose a vital threat.