PubMed · 6884594
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G Eisler. 1983. Sharing clinical engineering services: guidelines set up.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6884594/
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Solar UVB initiates skin cancer mainly by generating highly premutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and subsequent mutations in critical growth control genes. It is universally presumed that the upper epidermis in human skin blocks a significant portion of the incident UVB, thereby protecting the cancer-prone basal layer from CPD formation. Using two sensitive techniques for measuring CPD in cellular DNA, we confirmed that the multilayered organization of engineered human skin efficiently shields the basal layer against 254-nm UVC (which is not present in terrestrial sunlight) but, very unexpectedly, provides virtually no protection against environmentally relevant UVB. This underscores the importance of regular sunscreen use, which, in light of our data, may constitute a considerably more important first line of defense against photocarcinogenesis than previously believed.
The operating room of the future will be designed to have peri-operative integration of all imaging capabilities. Pre-operative planning will become increasingly important, as will integrated intra-operative neuro-navigation. The operative work space will be redesigned to have robotic capabilities. Operating rooms will be isolated. Self-contained modular and robotic monitoring will become remote through improved sensors. The operating microscope will disappear. Light and magnification will be supplied by means other than optical microscopes.
High pressure engineering of proteins is an emerging biotechnology. The role of pressure in the control of protein stability and reactivity is reviewed. It is shown that a better understanding of the behavior of proteins under extreme pressure and temperature conditions may help to improve biochemical processes under non conventional medial/conditions for enzyme-catalyzed production of fine chemicals and the use of modified proteins of medical or pharmaceutical interest. Moreover, high pressure can be used instead of heart or chemicals for sterilization.