PubMed · 7154766
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Z Békassy, H Grundsell, G Larsson, E M Lindstedt, S B Lundquist, M Relander, L Salford, C A Thulin, M Aberg. 1982-11-10. [Laser surgery].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7154766/
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Lithography can be performed with beams of neutral atoms in metastable excited states to pattern self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold. An estimated exposure of a SAM of dodecanethiolate (DDT) to 15 to 20 metastable argon atoms per DDT molecule damaged the SAM sufficiently to allow penetration of an aqueous solution of ferricyanide to the surface of the gold. This solution etched the gold and transformed the patterns in the SAMs into structures of gold; these structures had edge resolution of less than 100 nanometers. Regions of SAMs as large as 2 square centimeters were patterned by exposure to a beam of metastable argon atoms. These observations suggest that this system may be useful in new forms of micro- and nanolithography.
Isotopic signatures of nitrogen, argon, and xenon have been determined in separated millimeter-sized pockets of shock-melted glass in a recently identified lithology of the meteorite Zagami, a shergottite. The ratio of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14, which is at least 282 per mil larger than the terrestrial value, the ratio of xenon-129 to xenon-132 = 2.40, and the argon isotopic abundances match the signatures previously observed in the glassy lithology of the Antarctic shergottite EETA 79001. These results show that the signatures in EETA 79001 are not unique but characterize the trapped gas component in shock-melted glass of shergottites. The isotopic and elemental ratios of nitrogen, argon, and xenon closely resemble the Viking spacecraft data for the martian atmosphere and provide compelling evidence for a martian origin of the two shergottites and, by extension, of the meteorites in the shergottites-nakhlites-chassignites (SNC) group.
A new liquid-interfaced oscillating glow discharge detector having a frequency and current response to femtomole and picomole quantities respectively of potassium nitrate and sucrose injected into an aqueous flowing eluent is presented. The glow discharge is formed in an argon atmosphere at ambient pressure between a platinum anode and a cathode consisting of an aqueous conducting solution. A detailed description of the appearance of the liquid-interfaced glow discharge at various electrode distances and the occurrence of high-frequency oscillations is given.