Electroconvulsive therapy and memory dysfunction: is there evidence for prolonged defects?

Abstract

The authors reviewed 39 papers which concern the long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on human memory. Although the authors caution that methodological considerations preclude a decisive assessment, the majority of the studies suggest that ECT does not normally produce prolonged memory defects. Some recent studies do document subtle but persistent defects several months after ECT, especially in personal autobiographical material. These defects appear to be more annoying than seriously incapacitating. Variables considered important in an ideal design of studies on ECT and memory are discussed.