PubMed · 7233249
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A Berenstein, I I Kricheff. 1981. Neuroradiologic interventional procedures.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-198x(81)90044-4
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A female severe macaw (Ara severa) that was at least 11 years old was evaluated for sudden onset of exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Radiography revealed a large heart silhouette, an increase in prominence of the brachiocephalic arteries, and a diffuse increase in opacity of the lungs. Lateral nonselective angiography revealed dilatation of both chambers of the right side of the heart and incomplete emptying of the right atrium. Alterations in the shape and position of the left-side heart chambers and reduction in blood flow through the brachiocephalic arteries and aorta were identified. Despite treatment, the bird died suddenly 2.5 months after the first episode of dyspnea. At necropsy, severe atherosclerosis of the aorta and brachiocephalic arteries, dilatation of all heart chambers, pulmonary edema, and severe hepatic centrolobular atrophy and fibrosis were identified. Correlation between the angiography and necropsy findings suggested that angiography could be an important diagnostic tool for the detection of cardiovascular disease in birds.
A hemodynamic significant left subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion proximal to the origin of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) can result in an impaired or reversed flow through the LIMA and the coronary artery to which it has been anastomosed. In this study, we report on our immediate and long-term follow-up results in 31 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the left subclavian artery shortly before or after coronary artery bypass grafting with use of the LIMA.
BACKGROUND: External ultrasound has a synergistic effect on thrombus disruption with thrombolytic agents in vitro. We hypothesized that transcutaneous ultrasound could augment thrombolysis in vivo. METHOD AND RESULTS: Thrombus formation was induced electrically in 48 pairs of iliofemoral arteries of 24 rabbits; arterial occlusions were documented angiographically. In 17 of 24 rabbits, 25000 units/kg streptokinase was then administered intravenously. The pairs of iliofemoral arteries were randomized to receive ultrasound treatment or no ultrasound treatment. Low-frequency (26 kHz) ultrasound (continuous wave, 18 W/cm2) was applied transcutaneously over the area of occlusion. In 7 of 24 rabbits, 14 thrombotically occluded iliofemoral arteries were exposed to ultrasound alone without streptokinase. The results were evaluated through the use of angiography (TIMI grade flow) and histopathology. After 30 +/- 10 minutes of activated sonication combined with intravenous streptokinase, 10 of 17 iliofemoral arteries (59%) treated with transcutaneous ultrasound were widely patent angiographically, with TIMI grade 3 flow. Histologically, the patent arteries had only minimal focal moral thrombus. The angiographic patency rate was significantly lower in the control groups: 1 of 17 arteries (6%) treated with streptokinase alone (P = .0012) and 1 of 14 arteries (7%) treated with ultrasound alone (P = .0036). CONCLUSIONS: In vivo transcutaneous ultrasound significantly augments lysis of thrombi with streptokinase in rabbit iliofemoral arteries.