PubMed · 7257908
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M M Verea Hernando, A García Esperón, M J Cruces Prado, A Robledo Aguilar. [Multiple hyperkeratotic angiomas].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7257908/
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The staining pattern of monoclonal antibody anti-HPCA-1 (CD-34) was studied in 95 cases of benign and malignant cutaneous vascular proliferations and compared with other vascular endothelium-associated antigenic markers in paraffin-embedded tissues. The proliferating vessels in 22 cutaneous capillary hemangiomas, 8 lobular capillary hemangiomas, and 1 case of papillary intravascular endothelial hyperplasia stained strongly positively for anti-HPCA-1, and the intensity of the reaction was paralleled by that of factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII), Ulex europaeus lectin-1 (UEA), and vimentin (VIM). The vessels in 10 cases of granulation tissue, 6 cases of cavernous hemangioma, 6 cases of angiokeratoma, 5 cases of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (epithelioid hemangioma), and 3 cases of bacillary angiomatosis showed a lack of reactivity with anti-HPCA-1 and staining of variable intensity with the other markers. Twenty cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (seven patch, five plaque, eight nodular stage) showed strong labeling with anti-HPCA-1 in small, well-formed vessels scattered among the spindle-cell proliferation, and four of these cases showed focal positivity of scattered spindle cells. Nine cases of cutaneous angiosarcoma, two cases of low-grade epithelioid angiosarcoma, and one case of spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma were negative for anti-HPCA-1 and showed variable reactivity for FVIII and UEA; all cases stained strongly positively for VIM. The results of this study indicate that although anti-HPCA-1 shows a high sensitivity for the staining of normal vascular endothelium, its specificity may be restricted to mature, well-formed vessels, therefore rendering its discriminatory value very limited for the identification of poorly differentiated vascular endothelial neoplasms.
Bioptic findings related to four cases of scrotal angiokeratoma-Fordyce, were studied under light and electron microscopy. A particular heterogeneity of the structural and ultrastructural patterns typical of this lesion was thus observed. Light microscopy study pointed out, in particular, different degrees of dilation of papillary vessels, whereas ultrastructural study highlighted marked alterations of endothelial cells with structural and quantitative modifications of cytoplasmic organelles.
In recent years, the classification of vascular lesions has been expanded and modified with the addition of several newly described entities, the redefinition of others, the recognition of lesions of borderline biologic behavior, and the need to avoid misdiagnosis with early Kaposi's sarcoma. This review clarifies the nomenclature, updates information on previously known lesions, and summarizes data on several recently discovered, lesser-known entities such as glomeruloid hemangioma, microvenular hemangioma, and multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma. Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis are emphasized.