PubMed · 7292649
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S V Kessing. 1981-03-23. [Glaucoma, a multifactorial condition].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7292649/
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BACKGROUND: A simple clinical quantitative method of optic disc diameter measurement using a 4-mirror gonioscope contact lens has been described recently. METHODS: Intraobserver and interobserver variations are assessed on 77 eyes of 41 patients. Of these eyes, 63 had refractive errors within 3 diopters of emmetropia. The disc was measured by projecting a slit beam of known height onto the disc. RESULTS: Intraobserver variation: the coefficient of variation was 3.04% for observer 1 (experienced) and 4.76% for observer 2 (novice). The mean of the three measurements by the two observers was not significantly different (P=0.2318). For observer 1, the mean variance of the eyes with higher refractive errors did not differ significantly from the eyes with lower refractive errors. Interobserver variation: the coefficient of variation was 4.52%. The measurements for the novice were slightly larger the smallest discs and slightly smaller for the largest discs (regression analysis P=0.0209). CONCLUSION: Repeatability and reproducibility for this method are comparable with other methods of measurement. Until experienced with the technique, the authors recommend that the mean of three readings is used.
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As in the case in other organs, there are infarctions in the eye due to arterial sclerosis. Here, the classic risk factors apply. In addition to such infarctions, there are reversible perfusion disturbances caused by vascular dysregulation. These very frequently lead to slight, transient functional failures which are scarcely noticed by the patient. In more seldom cases, such dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of various disease entities. Of these, the ocular vasospastic syndrome, migraine, glaucoma, apoplexy of the optic nerve, and vein thrombosis were examined.