[Sinus node dysfunction in children without heart defect].

Abstract

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a rare cause of bradycardia in children without structural heart disease. The clinical and diagnostic findings in 4 children with this condition are described. Two of them presented with symptoms, in one arrhythmias had been noted before birth, and a routine physical examination had revealed bradycardia in another. Age at onset of either clinical symptoms or bradycardia ranged from 0 to 11 1/2 years. Routine and 24-h-electrocardiograms showed atrioventricular junctional rhythms with minimal rates of 25/min and episodes of asystole with a maximal duration of 10.3 s. Other electrocardiographic abnormalities such as first degree atrioventricular block, ventricular extrasystoles or tachycardia were common findings. Electrophysiological studies were performed in 3 cases and confirmed the diagnosis of SND. A permanent pacemaker was inserted in 2 children; medical treatment did not have any long-term effect. During a follow-up period of 5 to 13 years there were no complications. In summary, SND in childhood can be assessed by Holter monitoring with high reliability. Electrophysiological studies are not necessary and of limited value. Therapeutic policies and prognostic statements are difficult to establish due to the small number of cases so far described. Permanent cardiac pacing, however, is unavoidable in symptomatic children.