PubMed · 77965
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P Reding, J de Graef, P Barbier. 1978-06-03. Bromocriptine and gastrin secretion.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90990-x
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We made an open label, multicenter, non-comparative study to assess the efficacy and safety of oral gatifloxacin, 400 mg PO given once-daily during 7 to 14 days for the treatment of adult outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia at five Brazilian medical facilities. Among the 86 subjects available for clinical evaluation, 84 (98%) were cured. The bacteriological eradication and presumed eradication rate was 98% (52/53) among the 44 (51%) patients who were bacteriologically evaluated. Drug-related adverse events were reported by 27% of the patients, diarrhea being the most frequent, occurring in 12% of patients. Adverse events were considered mild (89%) or moderate (11%). We conclude that a 7-14 day course of gatifloxacin, 400 mg PO given once daily is safe and effective for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The drug had a favorable safety profile and a good clinical and bacteriological efficacy.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that play a role in T-cell activation. Liver-associated natural killer T lymphocytes (NKTs) are a unique subset of lymphocytes that may be important in antitumor immunity. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) on its cell surface and may serve as a tumor-associated antigen. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of DC pulsed with tumor or viral-associated antigens in HBV-expressing HCC in mice and to determine the role of NKT lymphocytes in this process. Balb/c mice were sublethally irradiated and transplanted with Hep3b HCC cell line, followed by transplantation of naive splenocytes. DCs were separated using CD11c beads and pulsed with HBV-enveloped proteins (group A), HCC cell lysate (group B), or BSA (control group C). Mice were followed for survival and tumor size. To determine the mechanism of the antitumor effect, intrasplenic and intrahepatic lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by FACS for NKT, CD4 and CD8 markers. Tumor-associated antigens-specific IFNgamma ELISPOT, T-cell proliferation assays and serum cytokine analysis were performed. Treatment with tumor-associated antigen-pulsed DC significantly improved survival (40% and 50% as compared with 0% in groups A, B, and control group C, respectively; p < 0.005). Tumor size decreased to 12.8 +/- 0.4 and 0 from 60.4 +/- 0.9 mm(3) in groups A, B, and control group C, respectively (p < 0.005). Adoptive transfer of HBV or Hep3b-associated antigens-pulsed DC induced a 6-fold increase in peripheral CD8(+) lymphocytes (from 1% in control mice to 6% and 5.5% in groups A and B, respectively), along with a decrease in CD4(+) lymphocytes (from 3.5% in controls to 1.4% and 2.3% in A and B, respectively; p < 0.005). The CD8(+)/CD4(+) ratio increased from 0.28 in controls to 4.28 and 2.39 in groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.005). Intrasplenic NKT cells increased from 7% in control mice to 7.98% and 14.6% in groups A and B, respectively. In contrast, an opposite shift was observed inside the liver. Intrahepatic lymphocyte analysis showed a marked increase in CD4(+) and a decrease in CD8(+) lymphocytes in treated groups. The intrahepatic CD4(+) number increased from 0.5% in controls to 2.15% and 25.8% in groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.005). In contrast, a significant decrease in the intrahepatic CD8(+) numbers was observed (from 7% in controls to 1.0% and 2.4% in groups A and B, respectively; p < 0.005). A significant increase was noted in HBV-specific IFNgamma spot-forming T-cell colonies from 0.0 to 8.8 +/- 1.7 and 1.8 +/- 2.9 in groups C, A, and B, respectively (p < 0.005). Similarly, a significant increase in the HBV-specific T-cell stimulation index, from 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 7.2 +/- 0.4, in groups C and B, respectively, was noted (p < 0.002). IFNgamma and IL12 serum levels increased significantly in treated groups. IFNgamma and IL12 serum levels increased to 380 +/- 30 and 400 +/- 20, and 960 +/- 40 and 760 +/- 60 in groups A and B, compared with 150 +/- 16 and 490 +/- 40 pg/ml in control mice (p < 0.005). Tumor antigen-pulsed DCs effectively suppressed the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. This effect was associated with enhanced NKT and CD8(+) lymphocyte function and augmentation of the antitumor/antiviral-specific IFNgamma production.
We studied the changes in the level of plasma lipid peroxidation indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) level and erythrocyte membrane fluidity expressed by the value of order parameter (S) during single hindlimb immobilization of 21 days using thiobarbituric acid - reactive substances method and spin label electron spin resonance method, respectively. The impacts of verbascoside that has been proved its antioxidative activity on the measured parameters were examined. 11 New Zealand white rabbits were immobilized and divided into two groups. The rabbits in the verbascoside group were administrated with 0.8 mg/kg of verbascoside twice a day orally throughout the immobilization. The rabbits in the placebo group were treated with normal saline. In placebo group, the results showed that the level of MDA significantly increased on day 3, peaked on day 7, and was still significantly higher on day 14 of immobilization, compared with the value measured before immobilization. The value of S reached the highest on day 7 and subsequently lowered but still higher on day 14 than those measured before immobilization. Compared with placebo group, there were lower MDA level (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.05 for days 3, 7, and 14, respectively) and higher erythrocyte membrane fluidity (P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.001 for days 3, 7, and 14, respectively) in verbascoside group. The data indicated that immobilization caused temporal changes of increase in plasma lipid peroxidation and decrease in erythrocyte membrane fluidity. Verbascoside might have the effects to moderate oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity during immobilization.