PubMed · 7937242
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R Heniff. 1994. Reader lauds past article.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7937242/
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of psychological attributes (personality characteristics and coping styles) to the association between social class in childhood and adult health among men and women. DESIGN: Partly retrospective, partly cross sectional study conducted in the framework of the Dutch GLOBE study. SUBJECTS: Sample of general population from south east Netherlands consisting of 2174 men and women aged 25-74 years. Baseline self reported data from 1991 provided information on childhood and adult social class, psychological attributes, and general health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self rated poor health. RESULTS: Independent of adult social class, low childhood social class was related to self rated poor health (odds ratio 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.75) for subjects whose fathers were unskilled manual workers versus subjects whose fathers were higher grade professionals). Subjects whose fathers were manual workers generally had more unfavourable personality profiles and more negative coping styles. External locus of control, neuroticism, and the absence of active problem focused coping explained about half of the association between childhood social class and self rated poor health. The findings were independent of adult social class and height. CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of negative personality profiles and adverse coping styles in subjects who grew up in lower social classes explains part of the association between social class in childhood and adult health. This finding underlines the importance of psychological mechanisms in the examination of the negative effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood.
BACKGROUND: Simple speech sounds such as /ba/ and /da/ differ in the frequency composition of their underlying formants. Normal volunteers asked to identify intermediate phonemes along the /ba/ to /da/ continuum abruptly switch from perceiving "ba" to perceiving "da". The present study investigates precision of phonemic processing in schizophrenia. METHODS: Categorical perception of speech sounds was evaluated in 15 schizophrenic and 14 control subjects, using a forced-choice phonemic discrimination paradigm. RESULTS: Patients and controls were equally able to recognize endpoint forms of both phonemes, but differed significantly in their perception of intermediate forms near the center of the continuum. Patients also showed a significantly shallower response curve, suggesting an impairment in boundary definition. Despite their impairment in categorical perception, schizophrenic subjects showed normal adaptation of response when test stimuli were preceded by a series of /ba/ or /da/ stimuli from the endpoints of the continuum. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that precision of phonemic processing is impaired in schizophrenia. This categorical perception deficit may represent upward generalization of impaired memory-dependent acoustic processing. Deficits in the precision of cortical processing may contribute significantly to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Patients with haematological disorders and their families must adjust to a wide range of psychosocial stresses, including coming to terms with a life-threatening diagnosis and coping with aggressive and invasive treatment regimens. The stress of this situation is exacerbated for many patients who must relocate to a metropolitan area for specialist treatment. This discussion presents research findings that indicate that for many of these patients the need for accommodation during relocation for treatment is a problem that should be given serious consideration. It is anticipated that this descriptive profile of a successful response to the problem of accommodation for leukaemia patients will provide useful data for the development of such services elsewhere.