PubMed · 7982145
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W J Temple. 1994. Sacral bone tumours.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7982145/
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A key difference among the three structurally similar pRB family members is that only pRB is a tumor suppressor. Identification of distinctive functional differences between pRB and p107/p130 therefore holds promise for a better understanding of the tumor suppression mechanisms of pRB. Enigmatically, pRB and p107 have been shown to have indistinguishable growth suppression activities when studied in the pRB-deficient Saos-2 cell system. In this study, we discovered that, when expressed at physiologically relevant levels, pRB and p107 had distinctive effects in causing growth suppression. pRB induced cellular p130 levels while p107 repressed them. p107, but not pRB, blocked cells inside S phase in addition to G1 arrest. In contrast, no qualitative differences were identified in their abilities to repress the expression of a set of suspected pRB/E2F repression target genes. These results indicate that pRB and p107 possess different growth suppression effects, despite the fact that they have similar E2F repression effects.
INTRODUCTION: Patients with skeletal metastases represent a large cohort in clinical oncology, and the single most frequent indication for palliative radiotherapy. Patients with cancer of the breast, lung, prostate and those with myelomatosis, constitute approximately 80% of this group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper summarizes data from relevant published clinical trials employing external irradiation for painful skeletal metastases. More recent randomised trials support the view that a single radiation dose of 8-10 Gy is equally efficient as ten treatments of 3 Gy delivered over two weeks. However, some still believe that fractioned regimes to a higher total dose provide better pain relief of a longer duration than a single fraction. RESULTS: We review the current diagnosis and treatment of patients with skeletal metastases and discuss some aspect of tumour biology. The etiology of pain and the pathogenesis of tumour cells affecting bone tissue, resulting in osteolysis and/or osteosclerosis, are discussed. Associated leukocyte-derived osteoclast-activating cytokines that stimulate pain receptors locally, can in part explain why radiotherapy gives such rapid pain relief. INTERPRETATION: The aims of radiotherapy must be assessed in relation to the life expectancy of the patient. Based on actual publications and own experiences, we suggest treatment with 8 Gy x 1 for the majority of patients, and reserve 3 Gy x 10 for patients with longer life expectancy. Both regimes allow retreatment, if and when pain eventually reoccur in previously irradiated areas.