PubMed · 8458484
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I S Tummon, A A Yuzpe, S A Daniel, A Deutsch. 1993. Tests of sperm function.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)55828-2
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Acrosin (ACR), a serine proteinase located in the acrosome of the sperm, has been presumed to be involved in the recognition and binding of the sperm to the zona pellucida of the ovum and the sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To examine the function of acrosin in vivo, we have generated mice carrying a mutation at the acrosin locus (Acr) through targeted disruption in embryonic stem (ES) cells. One chimeric male and female transmitted the targeted gene through their germ line. Homozygous Acr-/- mice are fertile and yield litters comparable in number and size to those of Acr+/+ mice. These data show that sperm of the homozygous Acr-/- mice are able to penetrate the zona pellucida, fertilize the ovum, and produce viable offspring. However, spermatozoa lacking acrosin protein show a delayed fertilization. One chimeric male which contained the targeted gene in 20% of its sperm transmitted only the Acr+ allele to its progeny. Furthermore, in vitro fertilization with equally mixed sperm cells of Acr+/+ and Acr-/- mice resulted in fertilization only with the Acr+ sperm cells. Incubation of oocytes with Acr+ or Acr- sperm show that the Acr+ sperm are faster to fertilize the oocytes than the Acr- sperm cells. These results suggest that Acr- sperm have a selective disadvantage when they are in competition with Acr+ sperm.
PURPOSE: The basic semen parameters seem to have a limited predictive value in male fertility. Could other objective sperm analyses be helpful in the choice of the most adapted assisted procreation technique? METHODS: This study concerns 78 infertile couples with insemination failures. For each semen, 21 objective parameters are analyzed in fresh semen and after sperm selection procedure. The 78 couples are then included in an IVF protocol and classified into two groups: fertile (at least one cleaved embryo is obtained) and infertile. RESULTS: Using multiple variant discriminant factorial analysis, we have found nine nonconventional parameters which induce us to define two classes of semen. These two classes fit with the classification into fertile and infertile groups in 74.4% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: So these parameters allow us to predict the chance of obtaining embryos during an IVF trial and to choose for each couple the most appropriate technique: IVF or ICSI.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combined tamoxifen citrate and T undecanoate treatment on seminal parameters in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical study. SETTING: A state hospital tertiary clinic. PATIENT(S): Eighty oligozoospermic men were included in the protocol. INTERVENTION(S): Patients were randomized to receive placebo, T undecanoate (40 mg three times per day), tamoxifen citrate (10 mg two times per day), or T undecanoate plus tamoxifen citrate. RESULT(S): Tamoxifen citrate plus T undecanoate treatment produced a satisfactory improvement of total sperm number, motility, and functional sperm fraction after 3 and 6 months. Comparisons with other active treatment groups showed significantly higher increment values for motility and functional fraction, whereas aniline, acrosine, and free L-carnitine also were markedly better in the combination treatment group. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicate that the combination of tamoxifen citrate with T undecanoate not only improves significantly important seminal parameters but also compares favorably with the single treatments used. Therefore, this combination deserves a place as a first line of treatment in idiopathic oligozoospermia.