PubMed · 8511472
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A Harlay. 1993. [Tetany].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8511472/
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A method for determining EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) based on a highly fluorescent terbium-EDTA-salicylic acid complex formation was developed. EDTA from as low as a few picomoles to as high as several nanomoles can be determined in a microtiter plate in 10-20 min. Ethyleneglycol-bis(2-aminoethoxy)-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) also can be determined by the same method, but its sensitivity is ca. 14-fold lower. Interestingly, diethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid did not form fluorescent complex with terbium under the same conditions.
Although it is commonly accepted that the anti-inflammatory effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is mainly associated to their ability to inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, several results indicate that non-COX mechanisms could be important in the therapeutical effect of these drugs. The aim of this study was to define if NSAIDs could exert, at least in part, their anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) triggered by chemotactic stimuli and, if so, to understand the relationship of this effect with COX inhibition. A unique opportunity to dissociate the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis from other therapeutical properties of NSAIDs is constituted by ketoprofen isomers being the S-isomer 100 time more potent than R-isomer on COX inhibition. Our results show that R- and S-ketoprofen, independently of their potency as PG inhibitors, proved very efficacious in selective inhibition of interleukin-8 (IL-8) chemotaxis. Inhibition of IL-8 chemotaxis was not restricted to ketoprofen isomer as it could be observed also with drugs belonging to different classes of NSAIDs and it was obtained at drug concentration superimposable to plasma levels after therapeutic administration in patients. Reduction of IL-8 migration by ketoprofen isomers was paralleled by selective inhibition of PMN response in terms of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) increase and extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK)-2 activation, two intracellular mediators reported to be critical for PMN activities. It is concluded that inhibition of IL-8 chemotaxis could represent a new clinical target for ketoprofen isomers and, in fact, contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of NSAIDs.
The asexual spore, or conidium, is critical in the life cycle of many fungi because it is the primary means for dispersion and serves as a 'safe house' for the fungal genome in adverse environmental conditions. This review discusses the physiological process of germination, conidial adhesion and initiation of protein synthesis and also the regulatory pathways used to activate conidial germination. These include Ca(2+)/calmodulin-mediated signaling, the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A and the ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Insights into the process of conidial germination will increase our understanding of the mechanisms of dormancy and sensing of environmental stimuli, and permit identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of spore-borne fungal infections in plants and animals.