PubMed · 8637273
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R Gross. 1996. Electroconvulsive therapy.. https://doi.org/10.4065/71.4.424-a
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The SPAQ is a widely used tool for identifying possible cases of recurrent major depressive disorders with a seasonal pattern. However, its test-retest reliability, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, efficiency and predictive validity have not previously been formally assessed. Forty-seven subjects who fulfilled the DSMIIIR criteria for a major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern were traced and re-interviewed after five to eight years. The SPAQ was found to have a positive predictive value of 48% and an efficiency of 57% in identifying cases of SAD confirmed by follow-up. The test-retest reliability was low. There was a mean difference in seasonality score between the first and second test of 3.17 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- 1 S.D.). Although the SPAQ is a rapid method of collecting information about recent seasonal variation, it has low test-retest reliability and on its own is unable to predict the seasonality of the future course of illness.
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The naturalistic course of patients with endogenous subtype of depression is described. The subtype may predict shorter times to remission, and reduced relapse risk. In the longer term, the subtype predicts increased risk of readmission, though studies on recurrence are equivocal. Recurrence of endogenous episodes may be less dependent on life events and personality factors. The subtype does not predict a greater risk of suicide, and most studies show that it does not predict a poorer long-term global outcome. Further prospective studies including operational criteria for course and outcome are needed.