PubMed · 8694652
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A B Vaidya, S Nair. 1996. Improved sternal osteosynthesis using any sternal retractor.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8694652/
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OBJECTIVE: Unstable median sternotomy closure can lead to postoperative morbidity. This study tests the hypothesis that separation of the sternotomy site occurs when physiologic forces act on the closure. METHODS: Median sternotomy was performed in 4 human cadavers (2 male) and closed with 7 interrupted stainless steel wires. The chest wall was instrumented to apply 4 types of distracting force: (1) lateral, (2) anterior-posterior, (3) rostral-caudal, and (4) a simulated Valsalva force. Forces were applied in each direction and were limited to physiologic levels (< 400 N). Four sets of sonomicrometry crystals were placed equidistantly along the sternum to measure separation at the closure site. RESULTS: Sternal separation occurred as a result of the wires cutting through the bone. Less force was needed to achieve 2.0-mm distraction in the lateral direction (220 +/- 40 N) than in the anterior-posterior (263 +/- 74 N) and rostral-caudal (325 +/- 30 N) directions. More separation occurred at the lower end of the sternum than the upper. During lateral distraction, xiphoid and manubrial displacement averaged 1.85 +/- 0.14 and 0.35 +/- 0.12 mm, respectively. Anterior-posterior distraction caused 1.99 +/- 0.04-mm xiphoid displacement and 0.26 +/- 0.12-mm manubrial displacement. During a simulated Valsalva force, more separation occurred in the lateral (2.14 +/- 0.11 mm) than in the anterior-posterior (0.46 +/- 0.29 mm) or rostral-caudal (0.25 +/- 0.15 mm) directions. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that sternal dehiscence can occur under physiologic loads and that improved sternal stability may be readily achieved via mechanical reinforcement near the xiphoid. Closure techniques designed to minimize wire migration into the sternum should also be developed.
Since the mallet finger that is treated with isolated splinting of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint can be moved freely proximal to the DIP joint, we sought to determine whether such motion might cause a tendon gap that could explain the extensor lag that often follows treatment. Experiments were performed on 32 cadaveric fingers with open mallet finger lesions, immobilizing either the DIP joint alone or both the DIP and PIP joints, while repeatedly flexing and extending the more proximal finger and wrist joints. For each experiment, the gap in the extensor tendon was measured. Joint motion proximal to the DIP joint and retraction of the intrinsics did not cause a tendon gap in a finger with a mallet lesion, supporting the convention that only the DIP joint needs to be immobilized.
Traumatic dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint has been rarely reported in children. An 11-year-old boy presented with a traumatic dislocation of the trapeziometacarpal joint. He was successfully treated surgically with ligament reconstruction as previously described.