PubMed · 8715254
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L Ortega López. 1996. [The proctoscope].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8715254/
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An endoscopic confocal microscope requires a high-performance, miniaturized microscope objective. We present the design of a miniature water-immersion microscope objective that is approximately 10 times smaller in length than a typical commercial objective. The miniature objective is 7 mm in outer diameter and 21 mm in length (from object to image). It is used in a fiber confocal reflectance microscope. The miniature microscope objective has a numerical aperture of 1.0, a field of view of 250 microm, and a working distance of 450 microm. It delivers diffraction-limited performance at lambda = 1064 nm. Micrometer-level resolution has been experimentally demonstrated.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To advance the field of minimally invasive medical procedures, an ideal endoscope should provide high-resolution images with variable magnification from an ultra-thin package, while adding depth cues and integrating optical diagnoses and therapies. Satisfying all these requirements is extremely difficult using commercial endoscopes. A new imaging technology is introduced that uses directed laser illumination, which is scanned at the distal end of a flexible endoscope. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-mode optical fiber is driven in vibratory resonance using a piezoelectric actuator. The emitted laser light is scanned in two-dimensions over test specimens. Digital images are constructed by detecting optical power one pixel at a time. RESULTS: Unique features of the fiber scanning scope are rapidly changing magnification, enhanced topographic detail, and concurrent fluorescence imaging, which are demonstrated and discussed. CONCLUSION: This fiber scanning scope has the potential for pixel-accurate delivery of high quality laser radiation, allowing the future integration of imaging with diagnosis and therapy.