PubMed · 8772795
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
J J Kepes. 1996. Vascular proliferation.. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199603000-00025
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Carcinogenesis is considered to be a multistep process that may involve cumulative genetic alterations; one of these mechanisms, gain of chromosomal material, has the potential to activate tumor-promoting genes in breast carcinogenesis. Using 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q), we examined 130 sporadic breast carcinomas for abnormalities in the copy numbers of these loci in tumor cells using a differential PCR method. We also sought correlations between alterations on 1q and several clinicopathological parameters. At every locus examined, a 2-3-fold increase in copy number of an allele in tumor material was observed in one third of the tumors (46 of 130, 35%), indicating 'multiplication' of 1q. This multiplication involved the entire long arm in majority of those tumors (43 cases, 93%). The multiplication of 1q was observed more frequently in non-invasive ductal and papillotubular histological types than in solid-tubular and scirrhous types (13/25, 52% vs. 27/90, 30%) (P = 0.041). The predominant chromosomal alterations on 1q in breast carcinomas are found to be multiplications rather than losses. The multiplication represents polysomy of the entire region of 1q, and may confer a growth advantage during development and/or progression of non-invasive ductal and papillotubular histologic types of breast carcinomas.
BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the cytologic features of villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGC) have been described in very few publications. The malignant cells are difficult to separate from reactive glandular cells and the majority of VGCs are missed on screening cytology. METHODS: The cytologic findings of a retrospective study of four cases of pure VGC are described and are contrasted with those of papillary serous adenocarcinoma and typical mucinous endocervical adenocarcinoma with a focal component of VGC. RESULTS: Although atypical glandular cells of endocervical origin were reported when the smears from the VGC cases were examined in the screening program, none of the cases was recognized as malignant prior to histologic diagnosis. The smears showed many groups of endocervical glandular cells. Important architectural features included large cohesive groups and sheets of cells showing nuclear crowding and loss of the normal honeycomb pattern. True papillary structures comprising stromal cores covered by well polarized columnar cells with a smooth surface were characteristic. It is important to note that a "feathered edge" appearance of the cell groups was absent. The neoplastic cells were mildly atypical, showing a slight increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio but minimal hyperchromatism. The cytology smears of four cases of typical adenocarcinoma of endocervical type that had a focal VGC pattern showed cell groups with irregular borders and "feathered" edges comprised of distinctly atypical columnar cells with elongated and irregular hyperchromatic nuclei. Free-lying atypical cells and ball-like clusters of atypical cells also were present in the latter cases but not in pure VGCs. The primary high grade papillary serous adenocarcinomas of the cervix exhibited extreme cytologic atypia that was interpreted readily as malignant. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of VGC on cytology smears often is missed. Papillary fragments, nuclear crowding, and subtle atypia may suggest the diagnosis.
We report herein the rare case of a patient with endotracheal papillary adenocarcinoma of the goblet cell type. The tumor existed in the upper trachea, obstructing 95% of the airway, and prompt palliation was required. Endotracheal polypectomy was successfully performed in this patient using electrosurgery with a new snare designed for the respiratory tract. The procedure took only a few minutes and the dyspnea was relieved promptly without any complications. The alternative techniques for palliation of bronchial stenosis are also discussed.