PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8905128

A quantification of goldfish behavior by an image processing system.

S Kato·K Tamada·Y Shimada·T Chujo
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

We developed a computer-image processing system to quantitatively score the goldfish behavior. The system was composed of two CCD cameras, set in the upper and side directions of a water tank, two graphics I/O boards (video interface) and an IBM PC/AT compatible computer. From the top and side views through the two CCD cameras, 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional positional coordinates of fish freely moving in an aquarium were acquired over a long period (60 min). A positional distribution histogram of the goldfish was made by measuring the number of coordinates. Goldfish have a tendency to move at the circumference and bottom of a water tank. The velocity of moving goldfish was calculated from the time and distance. The average velocity of goldfish was in the range of 6-36 mm/s. A directional histogram (go straight and turn right or left) of a moving goldfish in an aquarium was made to measure an angle formed by two vectors, which were defined as three (middle to terminal against initial to middle) points in a unitary length (50 mm) of the path of goldfish. Three directions (go straight, right turn and left turn) were quantified as a percentage (59 +/- 12%, 20 +/- 4% and 20 +/- 4%, respectively) of a 1-h-event of moving goldfish. This image processing system thus can make an easy and quantifiable behavioral analysis of moving goldfish.

Explore related subjects

AlgorithmsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalFunctional LateralityGoldfishImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMotor ActivitySoftwareJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

S Kato, K Tamada, Y Shimada, T Chujo. 1996. A quantification of goldfish behavior by an image processing system.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(96)00018-6

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2026

A note on a generalized single step theory for any number of hierarchical genomic matrices.

BACKGROUND: The Single Step algorithm allows combining information from genotyped and un-genotyped individuals, provided they are connected by a pedigree. However, current single step theory is limited to a single list of markers. RESULTS: We present a generalized single step (GSS) method that can accommodate any number of hierarchical molecular datasets (e.g. sequence, high and low density arrays) and pedigree, avoiding imputation. We prove that a similar efficient inversion algorithm exists. The method is recursive, starting with the highest marker density scenario. We illustrate the method with simulation and show that GSS can increase predictive accuracy compared to standard single step. R code is provided so that custom scenarios can be easily compared, either with simulated or real data. CONCLUSION: The method developed generalizes extant single step theory to any number of hierarchical molecular relationship matrices, broadening the scenarios where single step can be applied. A topic of particular interest can be ecology field data or human populations where pedigree is not available, but where samples sequenced and genotyped at different densities can exist. GSS can also be a useful tool to optimize allocation of genotyping and / or sequencing resources.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2026

cgDist: Nucleotide-level distance calculation from cgMLST allelic profiles.

Bacterial genomic surveillance requires balancing computational efficiency with genetic resolution for effective cluster investigation. cgMLST distance calculations treat all allelic differences as equivalent units, obscuring nucleotide-level variation. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism-based pipelines provide finer resolution at substantially higher computational cost, which limits their routine deployment in surveillance laboratories. We present cgDist, an algorithm that calculates nucleotide-level distances directly from cgMLST allelic profiles, providing finer resolution than allele-count distances by leveraging within-allele nucleotide variation. The cache architecture stores alignment statistics, enabling distance calculation modes without computation and supporting both dataset-specific and schema-complete cache generation. This design enables incremental surveillance analysis, with performance benefits as laboratories accumulate alignment data. cgDist functions as a precision 'zoom lens' for the investigation of clusters identified through initial cgMLST screening. Rather than restructuring population relationships, this targeted approach concentrates enhanced resolution where it is most informative. The algorithm ensures that cgDist distances are greater than or equal to corresponding cgMLST distances, preserving epidemiological interpretability while adding genetic discrimination. By increasing resolution within identified clusters, cgDist may also support outbreak investigation, a potential application that remains to be evaluated on outbreak-derived data.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2026

Theseus: fast and optimal affine-gap sequence-to-graph alignment.

MOTIVATION: Sequence-to-graph alignment is a central problem in bioinformatics, with applications in multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and pangenome analysis, among others. However, current algorithms for optimal affine-gap alignment impose high memory and computational requirements, limiting their scalability to aligning long sequences to complex graphs. Practical solutions partially address this problem using heuristic strategies that ultimately trade off optimality for speed. RESULTS: This work presents Theseus, a novel, fast, and optimal affine-gap sequence-to-graph alignment algorithm. Theseus leverages similarities between genomic sequences to accelerate the alignment computation and reduces the overall memory requirements without compromising optimality. To that end, Theseus processes only a subset of the dynamic programming cells, using a sparse-data strategy that enables efficient sequence-to-graph alignment. Moreover, our algorithm supports optimal affine-gap alignment on arbitrary directed graphs, including those with cycles. We evaluate Theseus on two key problems: MSA and pangenome read mapping. For MSA, we compare it against SPOA, abPOA, and POASTA. Theseus is 1.6× to 17.6× faster than POASTA, and 7.3× faster, on average, than SPOA, both optimal aligners. Compared with abPOA, Theseus ensures optimality and scales to the largest problems. For pangenome read mapping, we benchmark Theseus against the alignment stage of the mapping tool vg map, along with the alignment kernels of SPOA, abPOA, and POASTA. Theseus outperforms the other methods, showing a 1.9× to 16.9× speedup on short reads. Moreover, Theseus is 1.5× to 36.3× faster than vg when aligning against synthetic cyclic graphs. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Theseus code and documentation are publicly available at https://github.com/albertjimenezbl/theseus-lib.

Algorithms↗