PubMed Health⌕ Search
Home/Archive/PubMed

PubMed · 8999035

Automated external defibrillators.

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

This study is an update to our August-September 1995 Evaluation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in which we evaluated nine AEDs from three manufacturers. In the current issue, we evaluate three additional semiautomated AEDs from three manufacturers. (We also present update information, including new rankings, for the previously evaluated units.) We tested the new units against the same criteria and rated and ranked them using the same scheme as in our original Evaluation. Specifically, we judged the suitability of these units for two primary clinical applications: prehospital use and in-hospital use. In addition, in this Update, we rated and ranked all of the units evaluated to date for a third clinical application: public access defibrillation (PAD) use. In this Update, we briefly describe the purpose and use of AEDs in the Introduction. For more detailed information about this technology, the environments in which AEDs are used, and the factors to consider when selecting this type of device, we encourage readers to refer to our original AED Evaluation (Health Devices 24[8-9], August-September 1995). Also, because our criteria and test methods have not changed since the original study, we have not repeated them in this issue. Again, readers should refer to the previous Evaluation for this information. Furthermore, as described in the inset on page 272, the format of this Update differs from that of traditional Health Devices Evaluations. Most notably, all of the characteristics, test results, and ratings for each unit are presented in an individual Product Profile. Following the profiles for the three units, we present a comprehensive Conclusions section, detailing how the newly evaluated units compare with those evaluated in our original study.

Explore related subjects

AutomationDocumentationElectric CountershockElectric Power SuppliesElectrocardiographyElectrodesEmergency Medical ServicesEquipment DesignEquipment SafetyErgonomicsGuidelines as TopicHeart ArrestHumansLegislation, MedicalMonitoring, PhysiologicPurchasing, HospitalTechnology Assessment, BiomedicalUnited StatesComparative StudyJournal Article

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

1996. Automated external defibrillators.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8999035/

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

PubMed2001

Process performance models in the optimization of multiproduct protein production plants.

In this work we propose a model that simultaneously optimizes the process variables and the structure of a multiproduct batch plant for the production of recombinant proteins. The complete model includes process performance models for the unit stages and a posynomial representation for the multiproduct batch plant. Although the constant time and size factor models are the most commonly used to model multiproduct batch processes, process performance models describe these time and size factors as functions of the process variables selected for optimization. These process performance models are expressed as algebraic equations obtained from the analytical integration of simplified mass balances and kinetic expressions that describe each unit operation. They are kept as simple as possible while retaining the influence of the process variables selected to optimize the plant. The resulting mixed-integer nonlinear program simultaneously calculates the plant structure (parallel units in or out of phase, and allocation of intermediate storage tanks), the batch plant decision variables (equipment sizes, batch sizes, and operating times of semicontinuous items), and the process decision variables (e.g., final concentration at selected stages, volumetric ratio of phases in the liquid-liquid extraction). A noteworthy feature of the proposed approach is that the mathematical model for the plant is the same as that used in the constant factor model. The process performance models are handled as extra constraints. A plant consisting of eight stages operating in the single product campaign mode (one fermentation, two microfiltrations, two ultrafiltrations, one homogenization, one liquid-liquid extraction, and one chromatography) for producing four different recombinant proteins by the genetically engineered yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was modeled and optimized. Using this example, it is shown that the presence of additional degrees of freedom introduced by the process performance models, with respect to a fixed size and time factor model, represents an important development in improving plant design.

Automation↗
PubMed2001

Construction and validation of automated purge-and-trap-gas chromatography for the determination of volatile organic compounds.

An automated purge-and-trap chromatographic system for the determination of dissolved volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples was built in the laboratory with minimum cost both in the construction and routine operation. This system was built upon a commercial gas chromatograph with full automation capability using self-developed hardware and software. The use of a multi-sorbent bed quantitatively trapped a wide range of volatile organic compounds at ambient temperature, including the extremely volatile ones such as dichlorofluoromethane (CFC-12). Flash heating for rapid desorption and adequate plumbing for minimizing dead volume resulted in excellent chromatographic separation at above-ambient temperatures, which eliminated the need for cryogen for cooling at the head of the column, a second refocusing stage, or entire GC oven for refocusing. This cryogen-free system was tested with standard solutions and environmental samples for determining hydrocarbons with flame ionization detection, and halogenated compounds with electron-capture detection. An innovative method was also developed for validating the system's linearity for extremely volatile compounds. By introducing ambient air, which usually contains constant levels of anthropogenic halocarbons, e.g., CFC-12 and CFC-11 (CCl3F), the need to prepare aqueous standards containing extremely volatile compounds is avoided, hence providing a convenient method for evaluating a purge-and-trap system.

Automation↗
PubMed2001

Integrated approach for segmentation of 3-D confocal images of a tissue specimen.

In this article we have proposed an integrated approach for segmentation of cells in volumetric image data obtained using the Confocal Microscope. The volumetric images are the stack of two-dimensional (2-D) images. Segmentation of cells in such an image stack is a difficult problem due to the complex structure of the objects and the spatial relationship of the object signatures in different image slices of the image stack. Here we have proposed a segmentation technique, which is a combination of several known and novel segmentation methods. Low-level techniques such as edge operators, middle-level techniques such as 3-D watershed, rule-based merging, and a high level technique, active surface model optimization, are integrated in one approach to get better segmentation with less human interaction. Some image enhancement and noise reduction techniques are also used to reduce the error in intermediate stages and speed up the segmentation process. Results are shown on 3-D images of prostate cancer tissue specimen.

Automation↗