PubMed · 914624
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K Klemm. 1977. [Justified indications for using the interlocking nail].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/914624/
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A preliminary report is given on the good results of eleven patients, who had been treated with a locking nail for a fracture of the humerus at three different trauma departments. No non-union, infection or radial palsy has been seen nor was there any neurovascular complication intraoperatively. Four patients had misalignments of up to 15 degrees, whereof three of them had combined varus-recurvation-angulations without functional or cosmetic sequelae. All but one had excellent functional results six months postoperatively. Bone healing could be confirmed three months postoperatively. Only transverse and spiral fractures of the second to fifth sixth had been treated until now, though open fractures up to the second degree can be managed too. Finally, some technical issues are considered, which include a better guiding device, the use of cancellous screws for proximal looking, a more oblique position of one of the proximal screwholes to obtain some kind of interfragmentary compression for appropriate fractures, and the use of a Williams-screwdriver.
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A novel non-radiographic technique for objectively quantifying quasi-static or dynamic intervertebral motion of a spinal motion segment in vivo in human subjects is presented here. The intervertebral motion device (IMD) is an instrumented linkage transducer system which can continuously measure over time two-dimensional sagittal plane rigid-body motion. Three custom-built omega-shaped displacement transducers are utilized. The IMD is rigidly fixed to the spinous processes of the lumbar motion segment by means of two intraosseous pins. Knowing the mechanoelectrical behavior and geometric configuration of the IMD, the relative spatial motion between the vertebral bodies can be resolved into sagittal rotation, axial translation, and anterior-posterior shear translation. Static calibrations of the IMD in the ranges of +/- 4 degrees rotation and +/- 4 mm translation determined the absolute maximum errors to be 0.2 degree and 0.07 mm for rotation and translation measurements, respectively, with corresponding variances of 0.1 degrees and 0.03 mm. For use in the vibration environment, negligible motion artifact content was detected in the IMD output signals when excited at discrete frequencies of 5.0 and 8.0 Hz. The first natural frequency of the IMD, specific for this design, was measured at 16.25 Hz. This technique may be used to study in vivo the spinal kinematics in healthy lumbar motion segments and in patients suspected of having segmental instability, and can perhaps be of clinical diagnostic significance.