PubMed · 9155786
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B A Volz. 1997. Misguided mercy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9155786/
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We present a method for creating a network of gene co-occurrences from the literature and partitioning it into communities of related genes. The way in which our method identifies communities makes it likely that the component genes of each community will be related by their function. The method processes a large database of article abstracts, synthesizing information from many sources to shed light on groups of genes that have been shown to interact. It is a tool to be used by researchers in the biomedical sciences to swiftly search for known interactions and to provide insight into unexplored connections. The partitioning procedure is designed to be particularly applicable to large networks in which individual nodes may play a role in more than one community. In this paper, we explain the details of the method, in particular the partitioning process. We also apply the method to produce communities of genes related to colon cancer and show that the results are useful.
Although the expression of CCK(2) receptors is widely reported in human colorectal cancers, little is known on its role in mediating the proliferative effects of mature amidated gastrin (G17 amide) on colorectal cancers. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of G17 amide on tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), paxillin, and p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130(Cas)) in Colo 320 cells, a human colorectal cancer cell line which expresses CCK(2) receptors. By immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK (tyrosine-397), paxillin (tyrosine-31), and p130(Cas) was detected in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of CCK(2) receptors in Colo 320 cells (Colo 320 WT) by stable transfection with the human CCK(2) receptor cDNA resulted in an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, paxillin, and p130(Cas). After incubation with 1 microM L-365,260, a specific CCK(2) receptor antagonist, this increase was completely inhibited. Our results demonstrate that in human colon cancer cells, gastrin caused a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, paxillin, and p130(Cas) by activation of CCK(2) receptor. The phosphorylation of these proteins might be important in mediating gastrin effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis.
A minimally invasive surgical approach should be employed to resect symptomatic colonic lipomas whenever possible. We report two cases of large colonic lipomas that were successfully removed using a minimally invasive minilaparotomy approach. Patient 1 was a 53-year-old man with a 3.8-cm symptomatic submucosal lipoma in the ascending colon and patient 2 was a 57-year-old woman with a 4.2-cm symptomatic submucosal lipoma in the transverse colon. Both lipomas were successfully removed through a 5-7-cm minilaparotomy. Normal bowel function returned quickly without any postoperative complications. These case reports demonstrate that the minilaparotomy approach is a suitable alternative to conventional laparotomy to remove a large colonic lipoma.