PubMed · 9370981
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G Turnbull. 1997. Hostage retrieval.. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689709000904
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the contribution of psychological attributes (personality characteristics and coping styles) to the association between social class in childhood and adult health among men and women. DESIGN: Partly retrospective, partly cross sectional study conducted in the framework of the Dutch GLOBE study. SUBJECTS: Sample of general population from south east Netherlands consisting of 2174 men and women aged 25-74 years. Baseline self reported data from 1991 provided information on childhood and adult social class, psychological attributes, and general health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self rated poor health. RESULTS: Independent of adult social class, low childhood social class was related to self rated poor health (odds ratio 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 2.75) for subjects whose fathers were unskilled manual workers versus subjects whose fathers were higher grade professionals). Subjects whose fathers were manual workers generally had more unfavourable personality profiles and more negative coping styles. External locus of control, neuroticism, and the absence of active problem focused coping explained about half of the association between childhood social class and self rated poor health. The findings were independent of adult social class and height. CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of negative personality profiles and adverse coping styles in subjects who grew up in lower social classes explains part of the association between social class in childhood and adult health. This finding underlines the importance of psychological mechanisms in the examination of the negative effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood.
Some patients with asthma cope with their disease in ways that are deleterious to them. The coping styles used by these patients often were used by them before the onset of the asthma, but the asthma amplifies these styles, and the coping styles can amplify the asthma. There are striking similarities between these coping styles and those described in cancer victims. Like the latter, they may reflect denial, anger, bargaining, and depression. Recognition that patients are using these coping styles and appropriate intervention will prevent them from continuing to act in these self-destructive manners.
This article describes a basic multimethod relationship assessment procedure used by the authors in their recent investigations to evaluate the relationship adjustment of married or cohabiting drug-abusing patients and their intimate partners. The components of the assessment include (a) semistructured clinical interviewing; (b) a battery of paper-and-pencil self-report inventories; and (c) observations of partners engaging in a conflict resolution discussion, coded using a standardized rating system. The essential features of the relationship assessment procedure (i.e., brevity, breadth, depth, and use of psychometrically sound measures) would allow this method to be used routinely in nonresearch settings that treat substance-abusing patients. A case example is provided to illustrate the use of these relationship assessment methods with a drug-abusing couple.