PubMed · 9423686
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P J Kenney. 1998. Solid extratesticular masses.. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.206.1.290-b
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Nuclear medicine imaging techniques can help in patient evaluation where infectious and non-infectious inflammatory disorders are suspected. When selected and tailored to the clinical situation, most techniques already in use or available soon provide information with high sensitivity. However, almost all currently available techniques lack the specificity to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious inflammation. In undiagnosed fever, this non-specificity may be an advantage since fever of unknown origin is caused by infection in only about 25% of cases, but in the postoperative patient the reliable differentiation between infection and sterile inflammation is highly relevant to clinical management. The range of radiopharmceuticals to investigate infectious and non-microbial inflammatory disorders is expanding and developments in protein/peptide chemistry and in labelling technology should lead to agents with very high specific activities. Nuclear medicine has to add specificity to its already high sensitivity if it is to distinguish both categories of inflammatory disorder.
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BACKGROUND: To assess the interobserver and intraobserver variation of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening with the computer-assisted (neural network based) PAPNET Testing System in diagnosing cervical smear abnormalities, results of agreement were compared with the interobserver and intraobserver variation of conventional smear analysis. METHODS: Cervical smears obtained from women in 1996 were reevaluated both by conventional light microscopy and with use of the PAPNET Testing System by the same four investigators, and results were compared with the original screening diagnoses obtained by both methods. RESULTS: The interobserver results for epithelial abnormalities (the degree of agreement between the cytologists), characterized by weighted kappa statistics, were 0.71 (95% CI: 0. 68-0.73) for PAPNET screening and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.72) for conventional screening. No significant differences were found among the individual results obtained by the four cytotechnologists (intraobserver variation) with conventional screening versus PAPNET reviewing. CONCLUSIONS: Pap smear grading with the PAPNET Testing System has interobserver and intraobserver variation similar to that of conventional screening of Pap smears in routine use. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)