PubMed · 9441578
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H M Spiro, H N Mandell. 1998-01-15. When doctors get sick.. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00014
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Using the systems approach, the paper considers the nodal mechanisms and the value of advanced reflection of the reality (a warning response) at different levels of vital activity in health and disease. It is suggested that a warning response retains in disease, though the advanced reflection may be transformed depending on the severity of the body's disorders and the efficiency of performance of functional systems. In disease, there are three types of the systems: 1) usual functional systems with the same properties of warning responses as those in health which prevent lesions and their progression, 2) systems whose performance result is both useful and adverse, 3) functional systems whose performance result leads to impaired vital activity or contributes to their generalization (abnormal systems). The mechanisms of dual and damaging effects of the systems are disclosed. The author concludes that in disease even in a dying process, there are only changes in the level and, occasionally, nature of a warning response, but it preserves until a person is alive.
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