PubMed · 9634170
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H Osborne. 1998. Dealing with illiteracy.. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.49.6.835
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This study sought to determine the contribution of neighborhood socioeconomic status to all-cause mortality and to explore its correlates. As part of the longitudinal "Gezondheid en LevensOmstandigheden Bevolking en omstreken" (GLOBE) study in the Netherlands, 8,506 randomly selected men and women aged 15-74 years from 86 neighborhoods in the city of Eindhoven reported on their socioeconomic status in the 1991 baseline survey. During the 6-year follow-up, 487 persons died. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was derived from individual reports on socioeconomic status. Its effect on mortality was stringently controlled for four individual-level socioeconomic indicators. Persons living in a neighborhood with a high percentage of unemployed/disabled or poor persons had a higher mortality risk than did those living in a neighborhood with a low percentage of unemployed/disabled or poor persons. This was independent of individual socioeconomic characteristics, including individual unemployment/disability or reports of severe financial problems. Educational and occupational neighborhood indicators were similarly, but less strongly, related to mortality. The prevalence of poor housing conditions, social disintegration, and unhealthy psychologic profiles and behaviors was higher in neighborhoods with a low socioeconomic status. Contextual effects of socioeconomic status may thus be due to one or more of these specific circumstances. The findings indicate potential public health benefits of modifying socioeconomic characteristics of areas.
PURPOSE: Educational attainment is a widely used indicator of socioeconomic status (SES) in health studies. However, little is known about its relationship to health relative to measures of occupational standing. This study directly compared education with an array of occupational measures-including social class-in relation to health. METHODS: The Wisconsin Longitudinal Study collected self-reported health data from a sample of 6875 Wisconsin high school graduates aged 53-54 in 1992-1993. The analysis regressed overall health, physical symptoms, and medical conditions on socioeconomic indicators, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Associations of health outcomes with occupational standing net of educational attainment are mainly weak or non-existent. "Occupational education" is the only indicator to have a strong association with health net of education in analyses of both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: While occupation is sometimes an important mechanism linking education and health, control for the overall relation between SES and health may not require measures of occupational standing when educational attainment is measured well. However, the present findings are limited to non-Hispanic white high school graduates from Wisconsin at ages 53-54.
The extent and quality of prenatal care are important for the health of women and their babies. Recent studies suggest that women lack adequate prenatal care in contemporary Turkey. This paper uses regression models to examine the major factors impacting on the access of women to prenatal care through the 1993 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey. The findings suggest that after controlling for class, ethnicity does not explain the likelihood of a woman's access to prenatal care, partly because the predominant patriarchal ideology in Turkey determines women's access to education, which in turn determines their access to prenatal care. It can be argued that unless women's socioeconomic status in the family improves, their access to health care in general and prenatal care in particular will not increase significantly.