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PubMed1975

[The complement-fixation test in rabies. I. Antibody titer of vaccinated dogs (author's transl)].

Complement-fixation test based in 50% hemolytic end point was applied to investigate the immune status to rabies of dogs vaccinated with heigh egg-passage Flury vaccine. The complement-fixation titer was compared with serum neutralization results. Twenty-five sera was employed and the complement fixation titer varied of 0 to 256. Three sera was anticomplementary. The results indicated a lack of quantitative correlation, but was found a qualitative correlation between the two methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1966

The Reiter protein complement-fixation test using the Auto-Analyzer.

A method for the Reiter protein complement-fixation test using the Techncon AutoAnalyzer is described. Two hundred and fifty sera were tested, when six false-positive and nine false-negative results were obtained when compared with results obtained by the manual method. Deep freezing the sera before testing on the AutoAnalyzer increased the sensitivity so that in a further 250 sera tested no false-negative and two false-positive results were obtained when compared with the results obtained at the Venereal Diseases Reference Laboratory, London.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1990

[Fundamental studies on serological diagnosis of amoebiasis. 2. Application of antigen of Entamoeba histolytica for complement fixation test to counterimmunoelectrophoresis; and clinical relevance of serological tests].

Antigen of Entamoeba histolytica for complement fixation (CF) test was applied to counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and the result was compared with that of CF test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Besides, we studied antibody titers to E. histolytica in sera from acute and convalescent patients, and from patients with amoebic colitis and amoebic liver abscess. Sera used were from patients with amoebic colitis, amoebic liver abscess and uninfected control subjects. The CIE was less sensitive than the CF test and ELISA. Most CIE-negative samples had low CF and ELISA titers, but a few samples had higher CF and ELISA titers. On the other hand, all uninfected controls were negative by CIE and ELISA, and 98% were negative by the CF test. The level of antibodies tended to decrease with time after clinical recovery, but CF test and ELISA results remained positive in all patients 6 months after clinical cure. CIE converted negative in only one patient after 6 months. The level of antibodies of CF test and ELISA was significantly higher in amoebic liver abscess than amoebic colitis. These results suggested that all these three methods were so specific, and antibody titers by the CF test and ELISA were well correlated to clinical manifestations. The CIE with CF-antigen was less sensitive as compared with CF test or ELISA.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis.

Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. Sera were obtained from 14 recently infected cattle, 17 cattle vaccinated with a killed anaplasmosis vaccine, 5 cattle in the carrier phase of the disease, and 45 cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status. Aliquots of sera were tested with and without phenol (0.25% final concentration). Phenol adversely affected the CAT by causing false-negative results. The CAT reactions of nonphenolized sera from recently infected cattle were all positive 4 weeks after inoculation, whereas CAT reactions of phenolized sera were not all positive until 10 weeks after inoculation. Nine non-phenolized sera from vaccinated cattle that were CAT-positive were CAT-negative after being phenolized. Phenolized sera from carrier cattle and from cattle of unknown anaplasmosis status were less reactive on the CAT than were nonphenolized sera. Effects of phenol on the CFT were not so obvious. Although phenol had little effect on end-titer results, it eliminated most prozones that cause false-negative CFT results at the 1:5 dilution. Without phenol, 30 of 215 sera would have been CFT-negative at this dilution because of prozones; with phenol, 6 would have been CFT-negative.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of a technique of circumoval precipitin test using blood taken on filter paper and a microtiter technique of complement fixation test of Schistosoma japonicum.

For the circumoval precipitin test (COPT) blood was taken on quantitative blood sampling filter paper by finger prick from outpatients at the Schistosomiasis Control Pilot Project, Palo, Leyte, Philippines. The volume of serum available per strip of filter paper was 0.04 ml and this was extracted at 1:3, 1:5 and 1:8 dilutions. Lyophilized eggs of Schistosoma japonicum were mixed with the diluted serum on a microscope glass slide and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 days. The reaction was read following the criterion made by Yokogawa et al. [11]. The serum at 1:8 was too dilute to make correct diagnosis; serum at 1:3 dilution contained too much hemoglobin which made microscopic observation difficult and the extract at 1:5 was found to be appropriate. There was no remarkable difference in antigenicity among 3 preparations of lyophilized eggs from Kofu strain, Japan, and those of new and old preparations from Philippine strain. Under the best condition, false negative results appeared in 15.3% of 152 outpatients in Leyte and false positives in 2% of 50 human sera collected in Tokyo. This method of COPT is not satisfactory for the diagnosis of individual cases but is useful in the epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma infections because of the simplicity of blood sampling from dwellers of infested areas and also because it shows nearly the same sensitivity as that of a single fecal examination by the MIFC method. A microtiter technique of complement fixation test (CFT) was also studied. This method, however, was less sensitive than the COPT or a single fecal examination as to give 23.7% false negatives. Frequency distributions of CF and COP titers were analysed among egg positive, egg negative and treated groups. The results showed that treatment with stibophen had little influence in lowering the serum response, especially in COPT.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1983

An immunofluorescence complement-fixation test for detection of human papilloma viruses in various warts and wartlike lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Comparative studies of indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and IF complement fixation tests were performed in 11 warts induced by various human papilloma viruses (HPV) or wartlike lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. For the detection of HPVs, specific immune sera against HPV1, HPV2, HPV3, HPV5, HPV9 and/or HPV8 were used. The complement-fixation test proved to be as specific as the indirect IF method for the detection of HPVs in the tissues and was superior in clarity of IF readings (no nonspecific IF staining).

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1972

Equine infectious anemia: preparation of a liquid antigen extract for the agar-gel immunodiffusion and complement-fixation tests.

An agar-gel immunodiffusion test recommended for the diagnosis of equine infectious anemia was evaluated. Our preliminary observations confirmed those of Coggins concerning the mechanism of the test and the results obtained. Furthermore, emphasis was put on the difficulties encountered in the production of spleen antigens with an optimum amount of reactivity. Acetone-ether extraction procedures for the preparation of a liquid antigen extract are described. This type of antigen was reactive in the complement-fixation test in 1:8 or greater dilution and it is proposed to use the complement-fixation test in assessing and standardizing the liquid antigen extract activity to be used in the immunodiffusion test. This antigen can also be concentrated or diluted, if required, to meet the reactivity of a standard antigen used in the test.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Radial complement fixation test and convex lens method for the determination of antibodies in tissues].

The radial complement fixation test has to be made in forms in 1.4% layer of agar in physiological saline in a Petri dish. These forms have to be of the same thickness as the reaction itself, usually about 1 mm. In the first layer, it is recommended to mix antigen with complement and sheep erythrocytes in agarose and this mixture is to be poured over the tissue fragments examined. Following the primary incubation (at room temperature overnight), another mixture of haemolysin in agarose is poured over the first layer in form of optical convex lenses. The haemolytic phase is performed at room temperature, too. The complement is titrated together with the optimal amount of antigen and a drop of positive serum is placed in the well just in the centre of the first layer. In this way an optimal dilution of complement is detected, which is capable of producing a full hemolysis outside the zone of the positive serum diffused during the first, primary incubation period, whereas the zone itself remains untouched with the haemolytic activity of complement.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of coccidioidin and spherulin in complement fixation tests for coccidioidomycosis.

Coccidioidin, an extract from the saprophytic mycelial form of Coccidioides immitis, has been a very useful antigen preparation in serological tests for coccidioidomycosis. Its sensitivity has been very good for detecting most types of clinical disease, but tests with coccidioidin have been negative for 40% or more of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, the clinical entity which must be differentiated from other cavitary, nodular, or fibrotic pulmonary disease, e.g., tuberculosis and cancer. The specificity of coccidioidin has also been good although it results in positive tests for an average of 16% among patients with noncoccidioidal mycoses. Recently spherulin, an extract from the parasitic endosporulating spherule form of C. immitis, was reported to be more sensitive than coccidioidin in concurrent complement fixation tests with sera from selected cases. We have compared coccidioidin and spherulin in concurrent complement fixation tests with 614 sera submitted routinely for coccidioidal serology and with 159 selected sera from patients with noncoccidioidal mycoses. Among the former, spherulin was positive with 25% and coccidioidin with 23%, and correlation of titer scores was highly significant. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences with respect to frequency of positive specimens, titer scores, or diagnosis for current coccidioidomycosis. The results with sera from noncoccidioidal mycoses revealed marked differences. Coccidioidin was positive with 20%, and spherulin was positive with 48%. The titer scores with spherulin were consistently and significantly higher, and there was no correlation for results with the two antigens. Thus, coccidioidin and spherulin were equally sensitive, but spherulin was considerably less specific.

Antigens, Fungal↗