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PubMed1976

[The effect of different types of oral contraceptives upon ovarian function (author's transl)].

An investigation on the influence of different types of oral contraceptives upon serum gonadotropins, estradiol and progesterone was carried out in 10 volunteers. The effect of a change from a normophasic type preparation to a sequential preparation (Ovanon and Kombiquens) and from a combined preparation to a minipill (Neogynon and Exlutona) was studied. Two new 3-phase step-up preparations were also tested. Ovulation was inhibited in each case as the preovulatory LH-peak and the subsequent rise of serum progesterone were found to be missing. The basal LH- and FSH-secretion and serum estradiol were demonstrated to be significantly diminished in the volunteers taking combined and sequential preparations. The release of gonadotropines was not inhibited as much when the 3-phase step-up preparations (SHB 261 AB and SHB 264 AB) were used. When Exlutona was taken, the basal LH-secretion was lower than during the pre- and postovulatory phase of the normal cycle, but follicular development did not appear to be inhibited much as both FSH and estradiol were found to be in the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Reserpine induced changes in the estradiol uptake by the pituitary and the uterus in ovariectomized rats.

Reserpine treatment produced a marked decrease of the in vitro binding of estradiol to the nuclear fraction of the uterus. A similar observation was made when reserpine was given into the incubation medium of uterine tissue. In contrast to these findings both in vitro and in vivo reserpine administration resulted in an increase of the estradiol binding to the nuclear fraction of the anterior pituitary in ovariectomized rats. The binding capacity of cytosol fraction after reserpine administration did not show significant alterations. In addition to these observations it is worth to mention that reserpine treatment resulted in a significant decrease of the estradiol-induced increase of uterus weight in ovariectomized rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary and ovarian response to acute stimulation with LH-RH in normal and anovulatory women.

The LH FSH estradiol and progesterone responses to acute stimulation with LH-RH were studied in 12 normal women with ovulatory cycles (4 in the initial follicular phase, 4 in the mid-follicular phase and 4 in the late follicular phase) and in two castrated women, two under hormonal contraception, two with ovarian amenorrhea, twelve with central amenorrhea of no detectable origin (6 with normal and 6 with low basal gonadotrophins), eleven anovulatory patients with pseudomenstruation, two with anorexia nervosa, and two with pituitary amenorrhea. Each woman received a rapid i.v. injection of 100 microgram synthetic LH-RH at 9:00 a.m. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples collected before and 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes after injection. The findings were : 1) A significant rise in estradiol and progesterone levels, in addition to LH and FSH elevation, in normal women; 2) A lack of ovarian steroid response in the castrated women and in ovarian amenorrheas, which suggests that the source of steroid response to stimulation is not extragonadal; 3) Significant differences in the responses of the four hormones to LH-RH in the women with central amenorrhea in comparison with the normal group with great variability of results; the steroid response in the presence of a positive LH response might correlate with the severity and/or prognosis of the disorder, a point deserving further study; 4) In anovulatory women with pseudomenstruation, LH responses for the most part normal, and particularly, progesterone responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ovulatory dysfunction during continuous administration of low-dose levonorgestrel by subdermal implants.

OBJECTIVE: To study the endocrinologic profile of regularly menstruating users of levonorgestrel subdermal implants. DESIGN: Observational, prospective, case-controlled comparative study. SETTING: The Family Planning Clinic of PROFAMILIA, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Thirty one regularly cycling Norplant users and 12 nonhormonal contraceptors who volunteered to participate. INTERVENTIONS: Norplant contraceptive implants were inserted in 31 subjects between 13 and 77 months before this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were serially assayed for one menstrual cycle. RESULTS: Almost half of the cycles among Norplant users were anovulatory; all the rest (55%) had some form of dysfunction: diminished gonadotropin surge, luteal phase insufficiency (low P levels and shortened luteal phase), and E2 profiles different from normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Anovulation is clearly one of the main mechanisms of action of Norplant, but even in presumptive ovulatory cycles, the dysfunctions described possibly contribute to the high contraceptive effectiveness of Norplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Accelerated dissolution of luteal-endometrial integrity by the administration of antagonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and progesterone to late-luteal phase women.

Sequential blockade of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone (P) receptors by potent antagonists (Nal-Glu GnRH antagonist and RU486) was conducted in late-luteal phase women to develop a once-a-month birth control method by timed advancement of ongoing luteolysis and endometriolysis. Hormonal dynamics and timing of uterine bleeding during the antagonists' imposed luteal-follicular transition were compared with spontaneous (1st to 2nd) and recovery (2nd to 3rd) cycles in 10 normally cycling women. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone levels declined (47 +/- 4.3% and 24 +/- 3.0%, respectively) by 24 hours after Nal-Glu injection, which accelerated the ongoing luteolytic process, as evidenced by more rapid declines of serum concentrations of estradiol, P, and ir-inhibin, as compared with the corresponding control cycle. This was accompanied by the prompt (16 +/- 3.2 hours after RU486) onset of a single episode of uterine bleeding, which was advanced by 2 days. Whereas the luteal phase length was foreshortened by 2 days, the subsequent follicular phase duration was prolonged by 2 days with a normal sequence of follicular maturation, LH surge, and luteal function during the recovery cycle. We conclude that the late-luteal sequential administration of antagonists of GnRH and P resulted in acceleration of the ongoing luteolytic and endometriolytic processes without functional alterations of the subsequent cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of Enzaprost-F (PGF2) cervical tablets on the corpus luteum in the human body].

Authors removed dextro-ovary of a patient having 7-9th week of gestation for ovarian cyst during abortion. Preoperative cervical dilation was performed by Enzaprost-F cervical tablet containing 20 mg PGF2 agent. Before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after treatment, serum-progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol level was determined. Drug cervical dilation enabled instrumental termination of pregnancy within 4 hours. Histological finding of yellow body showed initial signs of colloid-cystic degeneration, which was followed by minimal decrease of values of serum-steroid concentrations. Authors presume that change in histological picture of yellow body was caused by effect of cervical tablet containing PGF2 agent.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1978

Pure crystalline estradiol pellet implantation for contraception.

The subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets was found to be a simple and effective contraceptive method with good patient acceptance and minimal untoward effects. The pellets (25 mg each) were implanted through a Kearn's trocar into the abdominal wall, 2.5 to 5 cm above and parallel to Poupart's ligament. The regimen began with four pellets, and the dose was maintained or decreased by one pellet every 6 months (four, three, two, one). A potent progestogen was utilized monthly for induction of withdrawal bleeding. Altogether, 236 patients were followed for a total of 1,060 courses in 6,360 cycles (489,02 woman-years). Two pregnancies occurred during therapy. Pearl's index was 0.37. No significant alterations occurred in body weight and blood pressure. Glucose tolerance test, standard blood profiles, and Papanicolaou smears were normal during therapy. No cases of thrombophlebitis, blurred vision, headaches, gastric symptoms, or amenorrhea-galactorrhea were observed. The suppression of ovulation was confirmed by endometrial biopsies, basal body temperature, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in a selected group of patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

[Antigonadotropic actions of prolactin. Study of 10 cases of women with hyperprolactinemia].

In order to determine the pituitary or ovarian site of the anti-gonadotrophic action of prolactin (PRL), ten women with hyperprolactinaemia were studied in the following way: 1) Repeated estimations of PRL, gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), plasma estradiol and progesterone during six weeks of treatment with bromocriptine. 2) Verification of the effects of estradiol benzoate on LH and FSH levels before and after normalisation of prolactin. 3) Exploration of the ovarian response to the administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin. Without it being possible to exclude any direct effect of prolactin on the ovary, it may be affirmed that the hormone decreases the sensitivity of the gonadotrophic cells to the positive feedback mechanism exerted by plasma estradiol.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of ovulation in women by chronic treatment with a stimulatory LRH analogue--a new approach to birth control?

A stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered subcutaneously once daily in a dose of 5 microgram to four regularly menstruating women. Treatment was instituted within the first three days of the menstrual bleeding and continued for 22--30 days. Ovulation was inhibited in all the women during the treatment cycle. The treatment resulted in disturbances in the pituitary gonadotropin secretion which presumably led to disordered follicular menuration and anovulation. The maximum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to the LRH analogue were obtained during the first few days of treatment. The gonadotropin responses then rapidly decreased during the prolonged treatment. This change in the pituitary responsiveness probably prevented the release of a normal preovulatory LH surge. After the treatment, all the women resumed normal ovulatory menstrual cycles. The results suggest that it might be possible to use stimulatory LRH analogues for birth control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex hormone regulation of progesterone and estradiol receptors in the cytosol of human endometrium in normal and pathologic pregnancy].

Hormonal control of progesterone and estradiol receptors was studied in the cytozol of short-lived culture of human endometrium in normal and undeveloping pregnancy. Endometrium was cultivated in the presence of estradiol or progesterone for 16 hours. In cultivation of normal endometrium with estradiol the content of estradiol receptors increased 4-fold in comparison with unstimulated tissue, and of progesteron receptors--3-fold. In cultivation of normal endometrium with progesterone the content of estradiol receptors rose 4--5-fold, and of progesterone receptors--3-fold. In cultivation of pathological endometrium with estradiol or progesterone the number of estradiol receptors was only doubled, and of progesterone receptors--increased only 1 1/2 times, this pointing to a diminished sensitivity of pathological endometrium to the regulating action of sex hormones.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1975

Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism. Investigative procedures.

In patients with hypogonadism, the exact cause of the deficient androgenisation is not always clinically apparent. The data presented demonstrate that by means of hormone measurements, basally or after stimulation tests, the exact level of the lesion can usually be determined. This allows a decision with regard to appropriate therapy to be made on the basis of an accurate diagnosis. In many instances basal measurements of pituitary and gonadal hormones are all that is required to decide the level of the lesion. Care in interpreting basal levels is required, however, in view of methodological limitations and of known physiological variations with age, time of day and hour-to-hour fluctuations. If the basal hormone levels are borderline, or if the 'reserve function' of part or all of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis needs to be assessed, than the appropriate stimulation test should be performed. The indication for these stimulation procedures and results obtained in different conditions are described and problems of interpretation discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Concentration of estrone, estradiol and estriol in the blood of pregnant sheep after induction of estrus with chlormadinone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate].

The radioisotopic method of 131J-labelled albumin was employed to determine the distribution of acidic proteinase activity in some organs and tissues of chickens. The highest enzymatic activities were found in intestine wall, in pancreas, and in liver. Considerably lower activities were ascertained in kidneys, brain, lungs, and heart. The different proportions of these enzymes in homogenates and supernatant fractions (106 000 g) testify to a lack of uniformity in the solubility of cathepsins in the organs tested. The tested organs, with the exception of pancreas, did not show any enzymatic activity of neutral proteinases.

Animals↗