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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A computer program for the statistical analysis of cancer inhibition/promotion experiments.

The computer program discussed and presented in this paper is designed for the statistical analysis of data from cancer inhibition/promotion experiments that involve Type I censoring. The theoretical derivation of the method is described in Biometrics 43 (1987) 525-534 and Appl. Math. Lett. 1 (1988) 197-201. Turbo Pascal is used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest: the mean number of induced tumors per animal, and the mean time to tumor detection. The program conducts a likelihood ratio test to determine if there is an overall experiment effect, and allows the user to select options to isolate the pair(s) of groups contributing to the experiments effect, to isolate group differences in terms of tumor number and growth rate, and to graph 95% confidence regions for the vector parameter of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

KLONER; a computer program to simulate recombinant DNA strategies by restriction map manipulation.

A computer program is described which allows for the manipulation of restriction maps of various DNA fragments to demonstrate techniques used in DNA cloning and to predict and/or confirm experimental results. This program is capable of reading in restriction enzyme cleavage sites for several different DNA molecules of interest. This information is then compiled in order to form restriction maps which can then be processed by digestion with restriction endonucleases and treatment with other common DNA modifying enzymes. Ligation can then be simulated by joining fragments with complementary ends in all possible orientations, producing restriction maps of the products. The resulting recombinants can then be further analyzed by physical mapping with appropriate restriction endonucleases. This program was written in Pascal on an Apple II computer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Development of a computer program to assess nutritional status of infants and preschool children].

A computer program named INFANDIET has been designed with a Window's application (ToolBook software vs. 1.53), based upon object-oriented programming, and devised to assess the nutritional status of infants by using compatible computers PC. Additionally, it is a useful tool to elaborate personalized diets. This program has been developed to assist health professionals and students in the evaluation of the infant nutritional status by a) creating and managing clinical histories with anthropometrical, immunological and clinical data; b) showing infant dietary guidelines, with the ability to update the nutritional and food composition database of the program; c) giving information about infant nutrition; d) and presenting a complete list of references.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Computer program for performing whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments.

This computer program was designed to be used instead of a stimulator and an oscilloscope in whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments. It runs on IBM XT-AT compatible computers under MS-DOS. The program uses drivers for specific ADC-DAC boards, which are stored in separate files. The driver to be used is loaded on start-up. Drivers for Labmaster TL-1 and CSY-10 are available and the driver for CED 1401 is now being developed. Stimulus waveforms of up to five consecutive pulses are supported. Data may be acquired from up to four input channels, using two ADC sampling rates. The acquired data are visualised on six plots which can be resized and moved independently on the screen in order to obtain a readable picture. A special mode for monitoring the giga-seal formation is supported. There are several data processing procedures, which can be used without interrupting the experiment, including I-V relationships, cursor measurements, addition and subtraction of obtained currents.

Microcomputers↗
PubMed1988

Sympmed I: computer program for primary health care.

Sympmed I is an experimental computer program that identifies and offers treatment to outpatients whose symptoms can be effectively and safely treated. To verify the safety of using such a package an evaluation of Sympmed I was carried out. The patients' symptoms were entered into the computer by a junior doctor and then by a non-medical person, an engineer. The prescriptions offered by the program were compared with those given by a general practitioner after examining the patient. It was found that 390 of 500 (78%) patients in the first group and 276 of 400 (69%) patients in the second group were offered prescriptions comparable to the ones given by the general practitioner, and the rest were advised to see a doctor. In no case was a patient offered treatment when he or she needed to see a doctor. The results of the evaluation confirm that most problems seen by first level medical personnel in developing countries are simple, repetitive, and treatable at home or by a paramedical worker with a few safe, essential drugs, thus avoiding unnecessary visits to a doctor.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computational analysis and dosimetric evaluation of a commercial irregular-fields computer program.

The proper evaluation of the accuracy of a new computer program for radiation-therapy dosimetry requires consideration of both the mathematical algorithm used in the program and the performance required in clinical applications. As an example, our evaluation of the irregular-fields dosimetry program currently marketed by SHM for their Rad-8 system is described. The evaluation begins with an explanation of the mathematical computation described. The evaluation begins with an explanation of the mathematical computation method, with emphasis on the points where the calculation differs from previous methods. Next, the procedure for setting up the beam data file is discussed. Finally, a step-by-step procedure is described in which calculated doses are compared with measured doses, using a Varian Clinac-4 with lead flattening filter, and the limits within which a +/- 5% accuracy is attainable are estimated. Some sources of error and areas for possible improvements are mentioned.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of the performance of electrocardiographic computer programs with the use of a reference data base.

To allow an exchange of measurements and criteria between different electrocardiographic (ECG) computer programs, an international cooperative project has been initiated aimed at standardization of computer-derived ECG measurements. To this end an ECG reference library of 250 ECGs with selected abnormalities was established and a comprehensive reviewing scheme was devised for the visual determination of the onsets and offsets of P, QRS, and T waves. This task was performed by a group of cardiologists on highly amplified, selected complexes from the library of ECGs. With use of a modified Delphi approach, individual outlying point estimates were eliminated in four successive rounds. In this way final referee estimates were obtained that proved to be highly reproducible and precise. This reference data base was used to study measurement results obtained with nine vectorcardiographic and 10 standard 12-lead ECG analysis programs. The medians of program determinations of P, QRS, and T wave onsets and offsets were close to the final referee estimates. However, an important variability could be demonstrated between measurements from individual programs and mean differences from the referee estimates amounted to 10 msec for QRS for certain programs. In addition, the variances of all programs with respect to the referee point estimates were variable. Some programs proved to be more accurate and stable when the data from high- vs low-noise recordings were analyzed. Average Q wave durations calculated from ECGs for which programs agreed on the presence of a Q or QS wave differed by more than 8 msec in several program-to-program comparisons. Such differences may have important consequences with respect to diagnostic performance. Various factors that might explain these differences have been determined. The present study demonstrates that to allow an exchange of results and diagnostic criteria between different ECG computer programs, definitions, minimum wave requirements, and measurement procedures urgently need to be standardized.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

A computer program for multivariate ratio analysis (MISCAT).

Analysts must deal frequently with missing data in multivariate analysis. In such cases, estimating the covariance maxtrix V of the dependent variables usually involves initial estimation and iterative adjustment of imputed missing data values, and/or smoothing of an estimate V which is not necessarily positive semi-definite. This paper presents an alternative procedure for computing estimates of relevant multivariate parameters in situations where missing data occur at random and with small probability. MISCAT is a computer program which computes multivariate ratio estimates of the means and a corresponding positive semi-definite estimate of the covariance matrix. It is an extension of GENCAT, which is a program for the generalizaed least squares analysis of categorical data. Thus, one advantage of dealing with missing data in this manner is that variation among the ratio estimates may be conveniently analyzed within MISCAT using asymptotic regression methodology, provided that sample sizes are sufficiently large. An example is given to illustrate such analysis for longitudinal data from a multicenter clinical trial.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer program for calculating recombination values from electrophoretic data.

A FORTRAN computer program was developed to calculate recombination values from F2 data. The input to the program is data on codominant alleles in any number of F2 families segregating for any number of loci, the limit being applied by the computer's memory capacity. For each pair of loci, regardless of the number of segregating progenies used, one recombination value is estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and reported with its standard error. In cases in which more than one family is used for the estimation, the chi-square for the homogeneity of the data also is reported.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer program for diagnostic X-ray exposure conversion.

Presented is a computer program designed to convert any given set of exposure factors sequentially into another, yielding either an equivalent photographic density or one increased or decreased by a specifiable proportion. In addition to containing the wherewithal with which to manipulate a set of exposure factors, the facility to print hard (paper) copy is included enabling the results to be pasted into a notebook and used at any time. This program was originally written as an investigative exercise into examining the potential use of computers for practical radiographic purposes as conventionally encountered. At the same time, its possible use as an educational tool was borne in mind. To these ends, the current version of this program may be used as a means whereby exposure factors used in a diagnostic department may be altered to suit a particular requirement or may be used in the school as a mathematical model to describe the behaviour of exposure factors under manipulation without patient exposure.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

A computer program for stepwise logistic regression using maximum likelihood estimation.

A computer program has been written which performs a stepwise selection of variables for logistic regression using maximum likelihood estimation. The selection procedure is based on likelihood ratio tests for the coefficients. These tests are used in a forward selection and a backward elimination at each step. The use of the program is illustrated by several examples.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

The performance of three visual coding procedures and three computer programs in classification of electrocardiograms according to the Minnesota Code.

A test library composed of the ECG's of 228 patients with clinically proven myocardial infarction and 294 subjects without clinical evidence of infarction was used to assess the performance of three visual coding procedures and three computer programs designed to classify ECGs according to the Minnesota Code. The results showed that visual coding performed by one experienced senior coder tended to be more consistent than visual coding relying on two less experienced coders and arbitration of disagreements by a supervisor. There was no significant difference in coding results when only one preprocessed complex was coded in comparison with the more elaborate coding of the whole source ECG using majority rule. The coding performance of the three computer programs was similar to that of the visual coding procedures. It is concluded that computer coding of ECGs according to the Minnesota Code is feasible. Combined optimal use of automated coding and visual verification of selected items may still further improve coding precision. However, when judged against an ECG independent standard, the accuracy of all coding procedures in discriminating infarcts from non-infarcts according to the Minnesota code criteria is rather limited. 'Soft' criteria give a reasonable sensitivity with low specificity whereas the use of 'hard' criteria with adequate specificity results in a substantial drop in sensitivity.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer program for selection of variables in diagnostic and prognostic problems.

The computer program INDEP-SELECT has been developed for selection of an optimal subset from a set of possibly informative diagnostic or prognostic variables. But the program is equally useful for other discriminant analysis or pattern recognition problems involving variable selection. The approach is probabilistic; i.e., diagnostic probabilities are assigned to a patient on the basis of the values observed on the diagnostic variables. The statistical model used is largely based on the assumption of independency between the variables, but one model-parameter, the so-called 'global association factor', is added in order to take dependency into account. The stepwise forward selection strategy of adding in each selection step a new variable to the set of already selected variables, is used. The user may choose between a number of selection criteria. Such a criterion is used in order to decide in each selection step which variable should be added. All criteria are based on measures of diagnostic or prognostic performance. INDEP-SELECT is able to handle a large number of variables, also with missing data, and a large number of patients. The program is written in ANS Standard FORTRAN, and takes relatively little computation time.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1986

Development of a computer program to analyze the parameters of platelet-vessel wall interaction.

The use of the Baumgartner perfusion system allows the morphometric quantification of platelets interacting with vessel wall, however it presents the basic difficulties of morphometrical measurements. In order to facilitate the procedure of evaluation we developed a semiautomated method to avoid the complexity of the classical evaluation. Our system consists on an optical picture analysis system connected with a specially developed computer program which allows fast quantification. Simultaneously to the outlining of interacting platelets the computer program recognizes, corrects, selects and stores the information, in order to perform the final calculations as previously established. This system has been demonstrated to be as effective as the classical morphometric evaluation in the measure of platelets interacting with subendothelium. Potential sources of error such as subjectivity of the observers in selecting the class of interacting platelets are avoided. The use of this combined method opens the possibility to adapt the Baumgartner perfusion system to clinical routine and to the screening of drugs that modify platelet adherence.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pocket computer program for performing nutritional assessment on hospitalized patients.

A pocket computer program is described which allows rapid nutritional evaluation of hospitalized patients. Entries of anthropometric and laboratory measurements, along with the results of anergy testing allows display of the patient's nutritional assessment with degrees of depletion. Use of the program provides the clinician information which is of benefit to patient nutritional management and evaluation of significant risk potentials.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

The AAHA Computer Program. American Animal Hospital Association.

The American Animal Hospital Association Computer Program should benefit all small animal practitioners. Through the availability of well-researched and well-developed certified software, veterinarians will have increased confidence in their purchase decisions. With the expansion of computer applications to improve practice management efficiency, veterinary computer systems will further justify their initial expense. The development of the Association's veterinary computer network will provide a variety of important services to the profession.

Animals↗