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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Mast cell secretion: differences between immunologic and non-immunologic stimulation.

Non-immunologic and immunologic stimulation of mast cells have been compared. Non-immunologic stimulation relys heavily on cellular Ca, is unaffected by neuraminidase treatment, shows a rapid inactivation, and elicits no increase in the incorporation of 3H-methyl groups into the lipid fraction. In contrast, stimulation by immunologic agents relys primarily on extracellular Ca, is inhibited by neuraminidase treatment, shows a comparatively slow rate of inactivation, and causes a significant increase in the incorporation of 3H-methyl groups into the lipid fraction. We found no evidence of cross-inactivation or desensitization between immunologic and non-immunologic agents. However, pretreatment of mast cells with neurotensin desensitized them to subsequent stimulation by compound 48/80. Our results support the hypothesis that immunologic and non-immunologic agents activate exocytotic mast cell secretion via separate mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Guidelines for the use of allergen immunotherapy. Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

OBJECTIVES: To recommend guidelines for the use of allergen immunotherapy to treat allergies in patients for whom allergen avoidance and drug therapy have not been sufficiently effective. OPTIONS: High-dose or low-dose allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergy to insect stings, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. OUTCOMES: Clinical evaluation of symptoms, objective measurement of reactions to nasal or bronchial allergen challenge, immunologic changes as a result of allergen immunotherapy and, among patients with anaphylactic reactions to stinging insects, clinical outcome of intentional sting challenge. EVIDENCE: A search of MEDLINE was conducted to identify articles that presented results of allergen immunotherapy. Proceedings of symposia held by international subcommittees and of consensus meetings, as well as references obtained from these sources, were reviewed. The articles were grouped according to their main subject: immunologic effects, specific allergies, the results of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, types of allergen extract and protocols for allergen immunotherapy, adverse effects and deficiencies of allergen immunotherapy. VALUES: Each member of the working group assessed the importance of such issues as basic immunologic effects, clinical efficacy, adverse effects and inappropriate use; the working group then arrived at a consensus. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: Implementation of these guidelines would lead to the appropriate use of allergen immunotherapy and control inappropriate treatment, which could result in adverse effects and increased costs of services for patients with allergies. RECOMMENDATIONS: Allergen immunotherapy with specific, standardized allergenic materials, administered in high-dose schedules, is effective in patients with an allergy to insect stings or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and in some patients with asthma, who have been correctly diagnosed through a meticulous history corroborated by positive results of skin tests and for whom avoidance of the allergen and drug therapy are not sufficiently effective. VALIDATION: These guidelines are similar to others being developed in the United States and recommended by the Joint Council of Allergy and Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. SPONSOR: These guidelines were developed by a working group of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; no funding was received from any other source.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

Antigen-specific down-regulation of bronchial reactivity in rats sensitized daily without adjuvant.

Daily sensitization with ovalbumin (OA) and dog serum albumin (DSA) without adjuvant was performed in rats for 2-week periods. When the antigen was administered subcutaneously (s.c.), antibody responses were induced, as assessed in serum and bronchial lavage, and strong increases in transpulmonary pressure (TPP) after intravenous (i.v.) challenge with antigen. Sensitization without adjuvant with antigen as aerosol for similar periods also evoked pronounced antibody formation, although only weak increases of TPP were seen after challenge. Animals sensitized s.c. with OA and simultaneously exposed to OA as aerosol exhibited suppression of the TPP increase after challenge, whereas the antibody responses were not affected to any great extent. In contrast, the increase of TPP after challenge in animals similarly sensitized s.c. with DSA were not suppressed by OA given simultaneously as aerosol or vice versa.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Mosquito allergy: immune mechanisms and recombinant salivary allergens.

Reactions to mosquito bites are immunological in nature, with the involvement of IgE-, IgG- and T lymphocyte-mediated hypersensitivities. Acquired desensitization to mosquito saliva may occur during childhood and adolescence or during long-term exposure to mosquito bites. Due to the lack of salivary preparations, allergic reactions to mosquito bites are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Recombinant mosquito saliva allergens with biological activity are being developed. These recombinant allergens will significantly improve diagnosis of mosquito allergy and eventually will also improve specific immunotherapy for patients with systemic reactions to mosquito bites.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) in Latin America].

Allergic rhinitis is the commonest chronic respiratory disorder in children and young adults having an important impact for those suffering this condition, as well as for the public health. Allergic rhinitis is frequently associated to other co-morbidities, particularly asthma and conjunctivitis but, also, sinusitis and otitis media. Most of patients suffering rhinitis are cared by GPs and pediatricians and there are evidences that allergic rhinitis is undertreated, particularly the moderate/severe persistent forms. Clinical guidelines have become an important tool providing recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of different medical conditions. They help the process of decision making for GPs and pediatricians, and many of them, contain an update on basic science and epidemiology. In respiratory medicine, guidelines on asthma and rhinitis are available; however, they do not look at the patients globally and focus the disorder on an organ-specific basis without recommendations on co-morbidities. ARIA, Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, has not been developed only to update specialists in allergy/immunology, otorhinolaryngology and neumology on rhinitis and its comorbidities but, also, to provide recommendations for non-specialists. A new classification and severity of allergic rhinitis is proposed replacing the classic perennial and seasonal forms for persistent and intermittent, mild to moderate/severe. ARIA is an initiative in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the master document has been endorsed by many national and international scientific societies and organizations. ARIA is an evidence-based document also stressing on pediatric aspects and providing recommendations for low-income countries.

Algorithms↗