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At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A scanning electron microscope investigation of calcium fluoride-like material deposited during topical fluoride exposure on sound human enamel in vitro.

1. The morphological aspects of globules deposited in vitro when a NaF solution is applied to sound human enamel were studied by scanning electron microscopy. 2. Particles, presumably of calcium fluoride-like material, formed on the surfaces of an unerupted tooth and consisted of subunits showing a "cauliflower" appearance, indicating agglomeration of even smaller particles. The number and size of the crystals increased with time of exposure. 3. These particles represent highly resistant fluoride reservoirs and may be of clinical significance.

Calcium Fluoride↗
PubMed1995

Effect of topical fluoride application on the surface roughness of composites.

The influence of fluoride solutions on the surface roughness of polished and nonpolished composites with Sof-Lex discs was verified. Concise and Herculite XR samples were exposed to the action of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride rinse, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, and 0.2% neutral phosphate fluoride rinse for 4 min each. The average roughness values obtained by perfilometer showed that all fluoride solutions produced surface alterations in the samples. In the unpolished samples, more roughness was produced in Concise etched by 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride rinse. In the polished samples, the 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel produced greater alterations in Herculite XR, and the neutral rinse in Concise samples.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Topical fluorides: efficacy, administration, and safety.

Fluoride's role in decreasing dental caries has been recognized for decades. The professional fluoride treatment has recently been augmented with home-use fluoride products. The introduction of many attractive products makes it difficult for dental professionals to know which are effective. Both professional and home-use products are described, as are proven techniques for their use. Recognition of fluoride toxicity, and its prevention and treatment, are also discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Topical fluorides.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed2001

Topical fluorides in caries prevention and management: a North American perspective.

A review of evidence-based literature indicates incomplete evidence for the efficacy of most measures currently used for caries prevention, with the exception of fluoride varnishes and the use of fluoride-based interventions for patients with hyposalivation. Not all fluoride agents and treatments are equal. Different fluoride compounds, different vehicles, and vastly different concentrations have been used with different frequencies and durations of application. These variables can influence the clinical outcome with respect to caries prevention and management. The efficacy of topical fluoride in caries prevention depends on a) the concentration of fluoride used, b) the frequency and duration of application, and to a certain extent, c) the specific fluoride compound used. The more concentrated the fluoride and the greater the frequency of application, the greater the caries reduction. Factors besides efficacy, such as practicality, cost, and compliance, influence the clinician's choice of preventive therapy. For noncavitated smooth surface carious lesions in a moderate caries-risk patient, the appropriate fluoride regimen would be semiannual professional topical application of a fluoride varnish containing 5 percent NaF (22,600 ppm of fluoride). In addition, the patient should use twice or thrice daily for at least one minute a fluoridated dentifrice containing NaF, MFP, or SnF2 (1,000-1,500 ppm of fluoride), and once daily for one minute a fluoride mouthrinse containing .05 percent NaF (230 ppm of fluoride). If the noncavitated carious lesion involves a pit or fissure, the application of an occlusal sealant would be the most appropriate preventive therapy. The management of the high caries-risk patient requires the use of several preventive interventions and behavioral modification, besides the use of topical fluorides. For children over six years of age and adults, both office and self-applied topical fluoride treatments are recommended. For office fluoride therapy at the initial visit, a high-concentration agent, either a 1.23 percent F APF gel (12,300 ppm of fluoride) for four minutes in a tray or a 5 percent NaF varnish (22,600 ppm of fluoride), should be applied directly to the teeth four times per year. Self-applied fluoride therapy should consist of the daily five-minute application of 1.1 percent NaF or APF gel (5,000 ppm of fluoride) in a custom-fitted tray. For those who cannot tolerate a tray delivery owing to gagging or nausea, a daily 0.05 percent NaF rinse (230 ppm of fluoride) for 1 minute is a less effective alternative. In addition, the patient should use twice or thrice daily for at least 1 minute a fluoridated dentifrice as described above for treatment of noncavitated carious lesions. In order to avoid unintentional ingestion and the risk of fluorosis in children under six years of age, fluoride rinses and gels should not be used at home. Furthermore, when using a fluoride dentifrice, such children should apply only a pea-size portion on the brush, should be instructed not to eat or swallow the paste, and should expectorate thoroughly after brushing. Toothbrushing should be done under parental supervision. To avoid etching of porcelain crowns and facings, neutral NaF is indicated in preference to APF gels for those patients who have such restorations and are applying the gel daily. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed. Important deficiencies in our knowledge that require further research on topical fluoride therapy in populations with specific needs are identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Safety considerations in topical fluoride therapy.

Cases of fluorosis in teeth have been reported where fluorosis would not have been expected, i.e. in children residing in areas with optimum or sub-optimum fluoride in the drinking water and not receiving fluoride supplementation, as well as in cases of controlled fluoride supplementation in areas with low water fluoride content. Concern has been expressed world-wide about unacceptable and careless methods of topical fluoride application, both in the case of high concentration products and home application fluorides. Concern furthermore exists regarding the frequent lack of communication between dental professionals and the public regarding the potential dangers and correct utilisation of self-applied fluorides. This article reviews the most recent literature on the correct usage, precautions and dangers associated with the professional and home application of topical fluoride agents.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Effects of topical fluoride preparations on glazed porcelain surfaces.

Porcelain disks were tested in three topical fluoride preparations to determine if glazed porcelain surfaces suffered untoward effects. Tap water was used as a control. The only disks damaged were those immersed in acidulated phosphate fluoride gel. Acidulated phosphate fluoride gel should not be used where glazed porcelain restorations are present.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed2001

Effect of topical fluoride on retention of pit and fissure sealants.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of topical fluoride on retention of light-cured (CLC) and self-cured (CSC) pit and fissure sealants. METHODS: CLC and CSC sealants were placed in vivo on opposite sides of the arch before and after fluoride treatment. A total of 122 sealants were placed on virgin permanent molars and premolars of 16 dental hygiene students enrolled in a two-year program. Sealant retention in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated teeth was evaluated at 6, 12, and 18 month intervals. RESULTS: Overall sealant retention for both fluoridated and non-fluoridated teeth at 6, 12 and 18 months was 68%, 48%, and 49%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) when fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated teeth were compared. Retention was greater on the fluoridated teeth, with respect to the sealant material (CLC-fluoride). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found when CLC-fluoride and CLC-no fluoride treatment groups were compared. However, no significant differences were found in retention when CSC-fluoride and CSC-no fluoride groups were compared, or when CLC was compared to CSC irrespective of fluoridation. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) were found when sealant retention on molars was compared to premolars--retention of sealants was greater on premolars. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that sealant retention may not be adversely affected by a topical fluoride treatment applied immediately prior to placement.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1982

Fluoride in mixed human saliva after different topical fluoride treatments and possible relation to caries inhibition.

Fluoride concentrations in mixed saliva were measured at different intervals following topical treatments with various fluoride preparations and procedures such as dentifrice, tablets, mouthrinse and topical solution. The results were related to available caries reduction data from corresponding clinical trials previously published. Salivary fluoride levels varied widely reflecting the different dosages applied, whereas the caries reduction data irrespective of type of treatment appear very similar, with a magnitude of about 30%. When combining salivary fluoride data with recent understanding of enamel-fluoride kinetics it was possible to explain the clinical caries reductions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

SEM observations on stress corrosion cracking of commercially pure titanium in a topical fluoride solution.

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVES. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether commercially pure titanium is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking/hydrogen embrittlement in a topical fluoride solution used in preventive dentistry. METHODS: Thin electropolished titanium test specimens were previously cold-rolled or cold-rolled and annealed before testing. For the stress corrosion tests, the U-shaped specimens of both treatment types were stressed into a radius of curvature of 30 mm. Then, the bent part was placed in the fluoride solution at 37 degrees C for 1, 5, 10, and 20 d. The effects of the fluoride solution on cold-rolled and annealed titanium were studied using a scanning electron microscope. In addition, mechanically fractured surfaces of cold-rolled titanium specimens exposed and not exposed to the fluoride solution were examined by SEM. A qualitative evaluation of the surfaces was conducted. RESULTS: Narrow cracks were observed in cold-rolled specimens following exposure to the fluoride solution for 5 d. The cracks were associated with branching, a characteristic of stress corrosion cracking. The cold-rolled specimen exposed to the fluoride solution exhibited a brittle fracture. In contrast, the fracture mode of the unexposed specimen was ductile in nature. SIGNIFICANCE: Topical fluoride solutions can cause stress corrosion cracking of commercially pure titanium.

Amines↗
PubMed2004

A comparison of the costs and patient acceptability of professionally applied topical fluoride foam and varnish.

OBJECTIVES: In Canada and the United States, professionally applied topical fluorides (PATF) are usually applied as a gel or foam. However, fluoride varnish has also been found to be effective for caries prevention and may be a preferred method because less time is required and fluoride exposure can be better controlled. The goal of this study was to compare the costs and patient acceptability of two methods of PATF (foam and varnish). METHODS: The study population was a convenience sample of high-risk children from the York Region and the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, who had been identified as requiring fluoride therapy (n = 256). Children received from dental hygienists either fluoride foam applied in trays or fluoride varnish painted on tooth surfaces. An observer recorded the time to perform each procedure, adverse outcomes, and the satisfaction of children with treatment. RESULTS: The varnish technique took significantly less time compared to foam (5.81 vs 7.86 minutes; P < .0001). Significant differences between procedure times were found in all age groups, but the largest difference was for children aged 3-6 years (5.22 vs 8.61 minutes; P < .0001). Signs of gagging were observed in a lower proportion of participants who received varnish (3.8% vs 15.1%; P < .01), and this difference was largest for children aged 3-6 years (2.6% vs 29.7%; P < .01). The cost per varnish application, for children aged 3-6 years, was substantially less after labor costs were considered (dollar 3.43 vs dollar 4.43, CDN). CONCLUSIONS: Varnish applications were found to take less time and resulted in fewer signs of discomfort. These results support the use of fluoride varnish in caries prevention programs, especially for younger children.

Adolescent↗