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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Memory disturbances in Parkinson's disease].

Disturbances in memory belong to the most frequent cognitive impairments in Parkinson patients. This review treats problematical aspects in the clinical diagnosis of these memory disturbances, which are particularly evident in free recall, immediate reproduction, the chronological sequencing of events and the initiation of meaningful strategies. These selective impairments are discussed within a theoretical frame of reference. Finally, considering the time demands and work loading in contemporary psychological practice, recommendations are given for economical and multidimensional routine diagnostic testing.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

A practitioner-focused approach to the provision of psychological support in soccer: adopting action research themes and processes.

In this review, we explore a practitioner-focused approach to the provision of psychological support in soccer. Support is depicted to be a collaborative exercise and is associated with action research themes and processes. Various procedures and perspectives that are associated with action research are outlined. The ideas presented suggest that many soccer-based practitioners (coaches, managers and physiotherapists) have the capacity to influence how sport psychology practice might be experienced by players. The sport scientist is depicted here as someone who acts as a critical friend to those practitioners who are interested in developing aspects of their own working practice. Having established these ideas, the review provides an illustration of how a combination of action research themes and qualitative research techniques has been used to influence and support heads of education and welfare in UK soccer academies across the north-west of England.

Focus Groups↗
PubMed2004

The role of rehearsal and generation in false memory creation.

The current research investigated one possible mechanism underlying false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In the DRM paradigm, participants who study lists of related words (e.g., "table, sitting, bench ...") frequently report detailed memories for the centrally related but non-presented critical lure (e.g., "chair"). One possibility is that participants covertly call to mind the critical non-presented lure during the study phase, and later misattribute memory for this internally generated event to its external presentation. To investigate this, the DRM paradigm was modified to allow collection of on-line thoughts during the study phase. False recognition increased following generation during study. False recognition also increased following study of longer lists; this effect was partially explained by the fact that longer lists were more likely to elicit generations of the critical lure during study. Generation of the lure during study contributes to later false recognition, although it does not explain the entire effect.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

The interval for interference in conscious visual imagery.

Three experiments are described that use dynamic visual noise (DVN) to interfere with words processed under visual and verbal processing instructions. In Experiment 1 DVN is presented to coincide with the encoding of the words or to coincide with the interval between encoding and recall. The results show that while DVN is a robust disruptor when it is applied during encoding to words processed under visual instruction, it has no effect during encoding when the words are processed under rote instruction. Moreover, DVN has no effect when it is applied during the retention interval, no matter what means are employed to encode the words. Experiment 2 extends these findings by again showing no effect of DVN during the retention interval, yet showing robust interference effects for visually processed words during recall. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrates that the results of Experiments 1 and 2 cannot be explained by a difference in the time duration associated with application of DVN during the retention interval compared to during encoding and recall. Moreover, the differing decay functions for visually and verbally processed words during the intervals used in Experiment 3 suggest that any failure to cause interference is not because the two processing instructions resulted in words being retained in the same medium. The functions are consistent with word storage mechanisms reflecting appropriately verbal and visual properties. The results are discussed in terms of current models of visual working memory. It is argued that a full interpretation of the results requires a buffer mechanism as an important component of any model of visual working memory.

Attention↗
PubMed2000

Training propositional reasoning.

Two experiments compared the effects of four training conditions on propositional reasoning. A syntactic training demonstrated formal derivations, in an abstract semantic training the standard truth-table definitions of logical connectives were explained, and a domain-specific semantic training provided thematic contexts for the premises of the reasoning task. In a control training, an inductive reasoning task was practised. In line with the account by mental models, both kinds of semantic training were significantly more effective than the control and the syntactic training, whereas there were no significant differences between the control and the syntactic training, nor between the two kinds of semantic training. Experiment 2 replicated this pattern of effects using a different set of syntactic and domain-specific training conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Standards for psychological services in long-term care facilities.

Psychologists in Long-Term Care (PLTC), a national network established in 1983, has developed, with input from colleagues and consumers, standards for psychological practice in long-term care facilities. These standards address provider characteristics, methods of referral, assessment practices, treatment, and ethical issues. This article describes the document's development and offers suggestions for its use.

Geriatric Assessment↗
PubMed1993

Hypochondriasis in ENT practice.

In this study the incidence of hypochondriasis among new ENT out-patients was investigated. A validated questionnaire, which was administered twice with an interval of 3 months, was used to make the diagnosis. Medical information also played a part in the assessment. The diagnosis hypochondriasis applied to 13% of the patients who completed the entire diagnostic procedure. This group made very frequent use of a range of medical services and took a large amount of medicine. Compared with the non-hypochondriacal ENT group, the hypochondriacal group had a more negative opinion about their own health, although those in the latter group were less ill, measured by objective criteria. In order to be able to diagnose hypochondriasis in ENT practice, psychological or psychiatrical consultation is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Motor vehicle accidents, headaches and post-traumatic stress disorder: assessment findings in a consecutive series.

Results of 20 consecutive cases referred for post-traumatic headache (PT-HA) to a psychological practice were assessed for both psychiatric and neurological diagnoses. Nineteen of the 20 cases (95%) had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder, with 15 presenting with a post-traumatic stress disorder. Prior headache history was reported for only 25% of the referred patients, while a prior psychiatric disorder was found for 7 (35%) of the cases. Findings suggest that consideration of a psychiatric disorder should be made for PT-HA patients.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1981

Problems of families caring for Alzheimer patients: use of a support group.

An eight-week support group program was conducted for 15 members of the families of Alzheimer patients still living at home. It became clear that caring for an Alzheimer patient at home created tremendous practical, psychologic and social problems for family members. Frequently discussed problems included lack of support and information from physicians, poor understanding of the disease, depression, a trapped feeling, anger and fear about the patient's behavioral problems, isolation, and the caretaker's loss of self-identity. Group participation was especially beneficial for spouses who functioned as primary care providers. It increased their understanding of the disease, made them feel more supported and less isolated, and helped them resolve some of the feelings created by the illness. It also helped spouses to become more aware of their own needs and to regain some self-identity in relation to the patient. Such family support programs offer a way to strengthen the emotional well-being and treatment skills of the care-providing family and are an important aid to treatment in Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Uncoupling learning from initial recall: the relationship between speed and memory deficits in old age.

Nettelbeck & Rabbitt (1992) found that measures of speed of performance with low knowledge requirements (four-choice reaction time, inspection time and coding-substitution) accounted substantially for age-related changes among 104 persons aged from 54 to 85 years in a number of more complex cognitive measures reflecting general fluid ability. However, the numbers of words recalled from a list after either a single brief viewing of each word, or following a cumulative learning procedure across four trials, provided an exception to this general trend, leading to the conclusion that some aspects of memory may be independent of mental speed. A follow-up of 82 of the same people 18-20 months later was designed to partition performance in a similar cumulative learning procedure into an initial first recall component and a subsequent learning component. This was accomplished by fitting individual cumulative learning data with a hyperbolic power function which met the theoretical requirement of defining separate initial recall and learning parameters. These parameters were found to be independent and it was concluded that learning involved rehearsal, whereas first recall did not. The hyperbolic power function provided a good account for 92 per cent of individual cases. Analyses which combined Nettelbeck & Rabbitt's (1992) data with new measures confirmed the reliability of these authors' results. Furthermore, it was found that first recall, but not learning, was mediated by processing speed. Learning was relatively unaffected by age-related slowing in mental speed, suggesting that Nettelbeck & Rabbitt's results were the consequence of a strong rehearsal component in their memory tasks. Thus, while mental slowing is clearly one important aspect of cognitive decline during old age, it does not constitute a sufficient explanation for changes in all areas of cognitive functioning. Specifically, age-decline in rate of learning with rehearsal appeared to be independent of slowing in speed of information processing.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The functions and regulation of the arousal of anger.

Anger is paradoxically one of the most talked about but least studied of human emotions. The author presents a model of anger arousal that emphasizes the adaptive as well as the maladaptive roles of anger in terms of the diverse functions anger serves in affecting behavior. In light of the fact that competence in anger management involves dealing with stress situations that require patience, composure, and constructive thought for their resolution, he discusses cognitive self-control processes affecting the regulation of anger.

Adaptation, Psychological↗