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At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

The effect of sodium trimetaphosphate on caries: a 3-year clinical toothpaste trial.

The objective of this study was to assess the anticaries efficacy of a toothpaste containing 3% sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP; test) relative to a toothpaste containing no caries-preventive agent (control). The study was designed as a 3-year double-blind caries incidence study involving about 2,500 subjects aged 11 years at baseline. After a clinical examination, subjects were stratified by sex, presence of supragingival calculus and caries status and randomly assigned to either the control or the test group. Clinical examinations then took place at annual intervals. At baseline and at the final examination bite-wing radiographs were taken of subjects not radiographed within the previous 6 months. The change in caries between baseline and the 3-year examination was calculated as DMFS increments. The results showed a statistically significant difference of 8% between the test and control groups (p < 0.05). In subjects brushing twice daily the difference between the test and control group was 11% (p < 0.01). It is concluded that, when used regularly, a toothpaste containing 3% TMP will be effective against caries.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1997

Effect of a fluoridated toothpaste on lesion development in plaque-filled dentine grooves: an intra-oral study.

Fluoride can inhibit caries at plaque-retention sites, but some studies indicate that fluoride is less effective in fissures than on smooth surfaces. To study the efficacy of fluoridated toothpastes at plaque-retention sites, an intra-oral model was used with bovine coronal dentine discs, in which grooves of two different widths were sawn. The discs were mounted in the partial prostheses of 31 participants divided into two groups. One group brushed with a non-fluoridated toothpaste and a second with a paste containing 1,000 ppm fluoride as NaF. After 3 months, the specimens were retrieved and from each a thin section was taken for microradiographic analysis. Lesions which developed in the grooves resembled natural lesions in terms of the presence of a surface layer and the mineral content profiles. Extensive lesions followed the direction of the dentinal tubules. The mineral loss was quantified half-way into and at the base of the grooves and ranged from 0 to 20,000 vol% x microns. Analysis of variance showed that the mineral loss was significantly influenced by the treatment and the width of the grooves (p < 0.001). In the broad grooves the average mineral loss was 19% smaller in the fluoride group than in the non-fluoride group, in the narrow grooves this value was 7%. Taking the two treatment groups together, the average mineral loss was largest half-way into the broad grooves (4,921 vol% x microns) and smallest at the base of the narrow grooves (2,289 vol% x microns). The results with this new intra-oral model indicate that the dimensions of small grooves in dentine, and thus their accessibility, determine not only their susceptibility to caries but also the protective effect of a fluoridated toothpaste.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The effect of a number of commercial mouthrinses compared with toothpaste on plaque regrowth.

Mouthwashes are frequently used as adjuncts to oral hygiene. However, for some products there is little supportive evidence that rinses provide greater benefits than plain water or additional benefits to the plaque inhibitory action provided by toothpaste. This study was a single blind, randomized, cross-over design in which 6 rinses were compared for inhibitory action against plaque regrowth. The formulations were a cetylpyridinium chloride rinse, a prebrushing detergent rinse, a peroxyborate rinse a toothpaste slurry rinse, a chlorhexidine rinse, and a saline rinse. From a zero baseline, plaque regrowth at day 5 was significantly reduced by chlorhexidine compared to peroxyborate; and, in turn, significantly reduced by peroxyborate compared to the other rinses. There were no significant differences between saline or a toothpaste slurry and the cetylpyridinium chloride or prebrushing rinse products. The findings would appear pertinent to the value of the respective rinses as adjuncts to oral hygiene.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Antibacterial activity of some triclosan-containing toothpastes and their ingredients.

The antibacterial activity of 4 triclosan-containing toothpastes was compared to a conventional fluoride dentifrice and triclosan and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), both singly and in combination. A panel of 17 bacteria was tested by an agar dilution method. At concentrations typical of those found in toothpastes, triclosan and SLS displayed approximately equal antibacterial activity. A paste containing triclosan and zinc citrate appeared more active than the other triclosan pastes which, in general, showed marginal superiority over the conventional paste. SLS, although included in dentifrice formulations for its detergent properties, may significantly contribute to the antibacterial profile of a product. The need for appropriate controls when evaluating experimental toothpastes is emphasized.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗

PubMed1989

Chewing sticks, toothpaste, and plaque removal.

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of brushing with chewing sticks in removing plaque and to evaluate whether toothpaste has any additional effect on the removal of established dental plaque. Kenyan schoolchildren had their plaque deposits disclosed by means of disclosing tablets and subsequently recorded on four buccal sites of all permanent teeth. The children were then allocated to two groups in a crossover design; in one group the children brushed with chewing sticks and toothpaste; the other group brushed with chewing sticks only. Substantial amounts of plaque were recorded at base line in most children. Brushing with a chewing stick for 5 min resulted in a net reduction of the proportion of plaque deposit sites per child. Toothpaste resulted in no additional effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

The effect of two toothpaste detergents on the frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers.

The aim of the present clinical double-blind crossover study was to investigate the effect of two different toothpaste detergents, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), as compared with a detergent-free paste, on 30 patients with frequent occurrences of recurrent aphthous ulcers. The study consisted of three 6-week periods during which the patients brushed twice daily with the different test toothpastes. The localization and number of new ulcers were assessed. A significantly higher frequency of aphthous ulcers was demonstrated when the patients brushed with an SLS- than with a CAPB-containing or a detergent-free placebo paste. An SLS-free toothpaste may thus be recommended for patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[Management of gingival inflammation with active ingredients in toothpaste].

In order to study the effect of active additives in toothpastes, three different toothpastes were tested in 60 persons for a period of four weeks. The toothpastes used contained allantoin, pyridyl carbinol, alpha-tocopherol, potassium aluminum sulfate, and tartaric acid. In addition, a control paste without additives was used. In a double blind study plaque incidence of the Ramfjord teeth was determined by means of the indices of Silness and Löe and Quigley and Hein. The tissue reactions were studied by means of the S-B index and the keratinization index. After an initial examination for extablishing the origianl values, the indices were determined after 2 and 4 weeks. Statistical analysis of the data obtained allows the conclusion that none of the tested active additives in the concentrations applied had any applied had any medicamentous influence on the gingival inflammation. The therapeutical consequences are discussed.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2000

Fluoride release in vitro from a resin-modified glass ionomer after exposure to NaF solutions and toothpastes.

The aims of the present investigation were: (i) to study the release of fluoride from a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitremer) after exposing ("recharging") the material with NaF toothpastes and NaF solutions with different fluoride concentrations, and (ii) to study the effect of covering the material with a sealant layer (glaze) in this respect. Totally 160 specimens were made, which were placed in water for 13 weeks to receive a low fluoride release value. The specimens were then randomly divided into 10 groups with 16 discs each. Five of the groups were exposed once a day for 7 days to one of the following fluoride agents: 0.05, 0.2 or 2% NaF solutions and slurries of two NaF toothpastes (Acta and Pepsodent). The other five groups received the same treatment twice a day. All treatments had a recharging effect. However, the 2% NaF solution resulted in significantly more fluoride release than the other solutions and toothpastes. Treatment twice a day gave higher total release than once a day, but the difference were only significant for the 0.2 and 2% NaF solutions. With glaze material covering the specimens, almost no fluoride release was observed. However, when the glaze was removed, a burst of fluoride occurred.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1993

Effect of a toothpaste containing amyloglucosidase and glucose oxidase on recurrent aphthous ulcers.

The aim of this study was to assess whether a toothpaste containing amyloglucosidase and glucose oxidase (Z) provoked any effect on minor recurrent aphthous ulcers, (RAU) as compared with a placebo toothpaste (P). Twenty patients (11 females), suffering from minor RAU, participated in this study during a period of 15 weeks. The patients brushed their teeth twice a day with the toothpaste. They were examined once a week to monitor the number and size of ulcers. The mean number of ulcers in both groups was about 40% lower than that found before treatment. Ulcer mean diameter had also decreased in both the placebo (about 32%) and experimental groups (about 66%). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in number of weeks with ulcers, in total number of ulcers per patient, and in mean diameter of the ulcers. In conclusion, no significant differences in therapeutic effects could be shown between treatments with Z and P.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[In vitro evaluation of the mechanical effects of sensitive toothpastes of the Swiss market].

"Sensitive pastes" are advertised for use by patients suffering from dentin hypersensitivity. Their market share is growing. Their potential of adverse mechanical side effects on dentin are consequently of concern. The aim of this study was to assess the cleaning efficiency, the relative dentin abrasion and the surface roughness induced by ten sensitive toothpastes of the Swiss market. Cleaning efficiency was assessed planimetrically, the relative dentin abrasion was measured using a radio tracer method and the surface roughness was established using a surface scanning method. Four out of the ten tested sensitive toothpastes produced only low abrasion and surface roughening on dentin, and are consequently suitable for the use by patients with dentin hypersensitivity. The remaining six pastes are too aggressive to warrant unlimited use on exposed dentin surfaces. The pain relieving effect of active ingredients of the toothpastes was not assessed.

Dentin Sensitivity↗

PubMed2004

Effect of 1000 ppm relative to 250 ppm fluoride toothpaste. A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To estimate the overall effect of 1000 ppm F relative to 250 ppm F toothpaste. METHODS: Experimental caries increment studies from the dental literature, which compared 1000 ppm with 250 ppm fluoride toothpastes, were summarized using meta-analytic methods. RESULTS: The overall caries reduction of 1000 ppm F relative to 250 ppm F paste was estimated to be 0.142 (95%-CL: 0.074-0.210) when applying a fixed effects model and 0.129 (95%-CL: 0.012-0.230) when applying a random effects model. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present analysis found slightly lower caries increments (14%, 13%) in children using 1000 ppm F toothpastes compared to children using 250 ppm F pastes. On the other hand, the use of 1000 ppm F pastes is associated with dental fluorosis. Considering these effects it seems justifiable to the authors to keep the use of 250 ppm F pastes for preschool children in Switzerland.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The technology behind Colgate Simply White Toothpaste.

Colgate Simply White Toothpaste is a new advanced tooth whitening dentifrice that can be used every day. The synergy of abrasive stain removal with activated hydrogen peroxide delivers excellent performance in the removal of extrinsic and intrinsic tooth stain. Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor.

Biological Availability↗

PubMed2005

In vitro model for evaluating the effect of child formula toothpastes on artificial caries in primary dentition enamel.

PURPOSE: To determine if the in vitro 10-day pH-cycling model used for permanent teeth could be utilized to evaluate de/remineralization effects, on the enamel of primary teeth, of child formula toothpastes. METHODS: Sound extracted primary anterior teeth were coated with nail varnish, leaving a 1 mm-wide window prior to being placed in a demineralizing solution to produce artificial carious lesions in enamel. The teeth were subsequently cut longitudinally into 100 microm thick sections. The 72 specimens were randomly assigned to six groups. In Set 1 contained the specimens in Group a, which were treated with a pea-sized (0.32 g) quantity of non-fluoride toothpaste (First Teeth), and Groups b and c which were treated with half and pea-sized (0.16 g) quantities of fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate), and cycled for 10 days. The specimens in Set 2 (Groups A, B and C) were similarly treated but subjected to 7-day pH-cycling. RESULTS: After Day 8 the lesions in Set 1 extended into dentin and so could not be evaluated. Polarized light microscopy and microradiography were used to evaluate the lesions subjected to 7-day pH-cycling. Lesions in Groups A and B increased in depth and area by approximately 50%, while those in Group C increased in depth and area by 20%; however, no statistically significant differences occurred between the groups. If this model pH cycling is to be used for primary teeth, a reduction from 10 to 7 days in length should be considered.

Cariostatic Agents↗

PubMed2005

Cytotoxicity of a new toothpaste based on an ion exchange resin mixture.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects for cytotoxicity of two dentifrices: a toothpaste commercially available (Crest Extra-Whitening toothpaste) and a new experimental toothpaste based on a mixture of ion-exchange resins (named NMTD) that supplies calcium, fluoride, phosphate and zinc ions. METHODS: Cultures of mouse fibroblasts cells L929 were used in a MTT assay for in vitro cytotoxicity of the dentifrices. Cells were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and collected by tripsinization (0.05% trypsin/0.5mM EDTA). A 96-well microplate method was employed for the MTT colorimetric assay. Positive control consisted of 10 microl of phenol in 5 ml of 6% media, a dose that produces zero percent cell survival. Negative control was prepared by adding 0.5 ml of HBSS to 4.5 ml of 6% media. The plates were incubated for 24 and 48 hours at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. RESULTS: Means and standard deviations of absorbance values for each group and percentage inhibitory dosage (%ID) for each test material were calculated. None of the dentifrices resulted in a percentage of inhibition higher than 50% and did not observe marked increases in cytotoxicity with time of incubation. The positive control gave almost zero percent cell survival, whereas the negative control gave a hundred percent cell survival. Analysis of the results indicated that test dentifrice dose had no significant effect towards the cell viability (P<0.05).

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Comparative investigations on toothpastes].

A comparative study was carried out of the clinical usefulness and properties of two types (differing in the type of chalk used) of the following toothpastes: Nivea, Herbena, Salodent and four various Fluorodent toothpastes (differing in the type of calcium carbonate and thickener). The study was carried out on 100 students of the first classes of the Economics College in Poznań. The obtained results of clinical investigations justify the replacement (in part at least) in the production of toothpastes of the imported chalk Socal with Polish chalk from Janikowo.

Calcium Carbonate↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical assessment of toothpaste with vitamin A in patients with periodontal diseases].

The effectiveness was assessed of a toothpaste with vitamin A and a toothpaste without this vitamin in the treatment of parodontal disease. Significant differences in the therapeutic action of both pastes were observed in patients with superficial inflammatory periodontopathy. The toothpaste with vitamin A had a more favourable effect.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1993

[Fluoride release in children's toothpastes].

Comparative investigations of six toothpastes for children obtainable on the German market were carried out to determine their bioavailable fluoride concentration in vitro and in vivo. Four products contained sodium monofluorophosphate, one sodium fluoride and another amine fluoride. The product containing sodium fluoride had, both in the toothpaste-saliva-mixture in the test-tube as well as in the aquadest-toothpaste-saliva-mixture, derived from the oral cavity the maximum proportion of dissolved fluoride (> 70%). The product containing amine fluoride still had > 45% of free fluoride, the sodium monofluorophosphate products however had 10% or less of free fluoride.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Anticaries efficacy of an improved stannous fluoride toothpaste.

A series of laboratory and animal studies were conducted to confirm the anticaries potential of a new, stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to clinically proven SnF2 controls. Included in this series of assessments were fluoride uptake into demineralized human enamel, remineralization/inhibition of demineralization for both human enamel and roots, and animal caries studies. Each of these studies demonstrate the new, stabilized SnF2 dentifrice (Crest Gum Care toothpaste) is effective at inhibiting and reversing the caries process. These data confirm that this new dentifrice, formulated with a combination of SnF2, and hydrated silica, is predicted to be highly effective against caries. These tests predict that this new stabilized SnF2 dentifrice (Crest Gum Care toothpaste) provides a level of anticaries activity that is equivalent to Crest Regular toothpaste, a sodium fluoride (NaF)/silica product. The data suggest that this new formulation provides enhanced anticaries efficacy relative to previous, unstabilized SnF2 formulations as a result of improved fluoride bioavailability.

Analysis of Variance↗