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PubMed2004

[Effectiveness of three whitening dentifrices].

Over the past years the market share of whitening dentifrices has been increasing. The aim of this parallel, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to assess the efficiency of three commercially available tooth whitening dentifrices. Thirty-six subjects with extrinsic tooth stain (A3 and darker) were randomly assigned to three groups (A, B, C) of twelve subjects each. Group A brushed their teeth twice daily with Durodont medical fresh and white (RDA 70), Group B with Friscodent Zahnweiss (RDA 87) and Group C with a combination of Durodont Zahnweiss intensiv (RDA 166) and Durodont medical fresh and white. At baseline and after four and eight weeks the color of the anterior teeth was evaluated using a VITAPAN classical color shade and a special colorimeter (Homeba). The colors of the shade guide were arranged and nummerized by value. After four and eight weeks of use each dentifrice showed a significant whitening effect compared to baseline (p < or = 0.05). There were, however, no significant differences between the groups. Moreover both methods showed similar results. Thus, the results support a significant "whitening" effect of all three dentifrices.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Minimally invasive aesthetic treatment for discolored and fractured teeth in adolescents: a case report.

This article describes a minimally invasive treatment of a young patient who presented with generalized enamel white spots and hypocalcification in combination with a severely fractured central incisor. Enamel microabrasion technique was used to remove discolored and/or pitted enamel. A direct composite restoration was then placed according to the anatomical layering technique. These procedures are described step-by-step herein. The advantages of microabrasion and composite restoration over conventional prosthetic procedures are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The technology behind Colgate Simply White Toothpaste.

Colgate Simply White Toothpaste is a new advanced tooth whitening dentifrice that can be used every day. The synergy of abrasive stain removal with activated hydrogen peroxide delivers excellent performance in the removal of extrinsic and intrinsic tooth stain. Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2004

Comparative tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal efficacy of two tooth whitening dentifrices: six-week clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this six-week, examiner-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice), relative to that of commercially available hexametaphosphate-containing whitening dentifrice (Positive Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and scoring of extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania area were randomized into either the Test or Positive Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for gender, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade scores. All subjects were provided their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening) using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire six weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade assessments for each subject were repeated after two and six weeks of product use. All statistical tests were two sided and employed a level of significance of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-six (56) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. Compared to baseline at both the two- and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant reductions in extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity, and statistically significant mean shade rank reductions, with a six-week reduction of 4.81. In contrast, at six weeks, the Positive Control dentifrice had a statistically significant increase in tooth stain area, a non-significant increase in tooth stain intensity, and a statistically significant mean 1.40 shade rank score reduction. At both the two- and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significantly lighter tooth shades and statistically significantly lower levels of extrinsic tooth stain area and intensity than the Positive Control Dentifrice group. CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base has significant efficacy in tooth whitening and extrinsic stain removal, and provides a statistically significantly greater level of efficacy for both tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain removal than the commercially available Positive Control Dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Comparative tooth whitening and extrinsic tooth stain prevention efficacy of a new dentifrice and a commercially available tooth whitening dentifrice: six-week clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this six-week, examiner-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening and extrinsic stain prevention efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice) relative to that of a commercially available hexametaphosphate-containing whitening dentifrice (Positive Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and scoring of extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Mississauga, Ontario, Canada area were randomized into either the Test or Positive Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for age, tobacco use, extrinsic tooth stain, and tooth shade scores. All subjects received a dental prophylaxis, and were provided with a supply of their assigned product and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for use at home. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening) using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire six weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue, extrinsic tooth stain and tooth shade assessments for each subject were repeated after two and six weeks of product use. All statistical tests were two-sided and employed a level of significance of alpha = 0.05. RESULTS: Seventy-six (76) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At both the two-week and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice prevented statistically significant (p < 0.05) more tooth stain as compared to the Positive Control Dentifrice. Also, at the two-week and six-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice provided statistically significant (p < 0.05) greater tooth whitening as compared to the Positive Control Dentifrice (2.64 and 3.77 shade rank reductions, respectively). CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice, delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base provides a statistically significant greater level of efficacy for both tooth whitening and prevention of extrinsic tooth stain than the commercially available Positive Control Dentifrice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical trial evaluating the peroxide concentration response of whitening strips over 28 days.

PURPOSE: The research evaluated the peroxide concentration whitening response following self-directed use of whitening strips over a 28-day period. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel group clinical study was conducted. 37 healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on tooth color at screening: 1.8% hydrogen peroxide strips (HPS), 3.3% HPS or 5.3% HPS. Subjects applied the assigned maxillary strips twice per day for 30 minutes over 28 days. Tooth color was evaluated at day 7, 14 and 28 from digital images of the maxillary six anterior teeth using a standard method. Treatments were compared using analysis of covariance (adjusting for baseline) at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations ranging from 1.8-5.3% resulted in significant (P< 0.05) color improvement versus baseline as early as Day 7. There was a concentration-response for reduction in yellowness (deltab*) and lightness improvement (deltaL*) at all timepoints, favoring the higher concentrations. While the concentration-whitening relationship approached a linear response at Day 7, continued treatment resulted in incremental color improvement. All three peroxide concentrations were well tolerated, and no subjects discontinued early due to a treatment-related adverse event.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stain reduction of an integrated oral hygiene system.

This article discusses research to determine the efficacy of a prototype integrated power toothbrush and toothpaste dispensing system, the IntelliClean System from Sonicare and Crest, in the removal of extrinsic stain. The prototype integrated system and a positive control, the Sonicare Elite with conventional toothpaste, were evaluated in 2 randomized, single-blinded, parallel 4-week controlled clinical trials. There was a low dropout rate, with 28 subjects of the 31 randomized in study 1 completing the study (10% loss to follow-up) and 26 subjects of the 28 randomized in study 2 completing the study (7% loss to follow-up). Lobene stain scores were used to assess the extent and intensity of stain for all teeth meeting the criteria for inclusion in the studies. Lobene stain scores were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks in both studies. A survey also was conducted at the conclusion of each study to determine user attitude toward the integrated system. The prototype integrated system was found to significantly reduce overall extrinsic stain over time, performing not significantly differently from the positive control. Overall, the prototype integrated system reduced the composite measure of stain that encompasses both the extent and intensity of stain by 60%. This research demonstrates that the IntelliClean System from Sonicare and Crest is highly effective in reducing extrinsic stain.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A chewing gum containing 7.5% sodium hexametaphosphate inhibits stain deposition compared with a placebo chewing gum.

The 2-period, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study compared the stain-prevention and stain-removal benefit of a chewing gum containing 7.5% sodium hexametaphosphate (measured by digital image analysis) with a placebo chewing gum. The results of this study support that sodium hexametaphosphate delivered from a chewing gum prevents dental stain formation and facilitates stain removal, which leads to a perceptible whitening benefit. The long-term clinical benefits of sodium hexametaphosphate delivered from chewing gum have not been reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Whitening paradigms revisited: introduction of a thin and concentrated peroxide gel technology for professional tooth whitening.

The introduction of hydrogen-peroxide whitening strips in 2000 contributed to new paradigms for treatment and expanded interest in tooth whitening. Further research on peroxide gels has resulted in a professional-only whitening system (Crest Whitestrips Supreme), a thin 14% hydrogen-peroxide gel on an easy-to-use whitening strip. Characterized as a two variable change (increased peroxide concentration and decreased gel thickness), this professional whitening strip is designed to meet contemporary expectations of better, easier, and faster whitening. These novel strips represent yet another shift in conventional thinking on tooth whitening, combining the efficiencies of strip delivery with thin gel technology to yield a highly effective professional whitening system.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2004

Placebo-controlled, 6-week clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of a low-gel, 14% hydrogen-peroxide whitening strip.

Clinical research was conducted to evaluate the extended-use safety and efficacy of Crest Whitestrips Supreme, a low-gel (100 mg on maxillary strip), 14% hydrogen-peroxide professional tooth-whitening system. The parallel-group study was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, and involved 39 healthy adults. During the treatment phase, subjects used the investigational products twice daily (for 30 minutes each) for 6 weeks (42 days). Safety and efficacy measurements were obtained at baseline and at the completion of each 3-week treatment period. Results showed that twice-daily use of Crest Whitestrips Supreme for 3 weeks resulted in a highly significant (P < .0001) improvement in tooth color, with a mean yellowness reduction (delta b*) of -3.3 and a mean brightness improvement (delta L*) of 2.4 relative to placebo. Color improvement continued with extended strip use over 6 weeks for all parameters (P < .0005). Relative to placebo at 6 weeks, color improvement was highly significant (P < .0001), with a mean delta b* of -4.1 and a mean delta L* of 3.2. Mild and transient tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common adverse events. There was no evidence of any meaningful increase in adverse events with extended treatment through 6 weeks. Twice-daily use of Crest Whitestrips Supreme resulted in a highly significant improvement in tooth color after 3 weeks, with color improvement continuing over 6 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tooth whitening.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating a 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip.

OBJECTIVE: A placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a 10% hydrogen peroxide strip-based whitening system in subjects with tooth discoloration and no previous history of tooth whitening. METHODOLOGY: Informed consent was obtained, and 39 healthy adults were randomly assigned to either 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips (Crest Whitestrips Premium) or placebo strips with no peroxide. Strips were used unsupervised twice daily for 30 minutes over a seven-day period. At day four and day eight, tooth color (L*a*b*) was measured on the maxillary anterior teeth from standard digital images, and safety was assessed from examinations and subject reports. RESULTS: After three treatment days, the 10% hydrogen peroxide strip group had significant (p < 0.0001) color improvement from baseline, with means (SD) for deltab* and deltaL* of -1.57 (0.472) and 1.72 (0.619), respectively. Continued strip use from day four to day eight resulted in significant (p < 0.002) incremental improvement in both yellowness and lightness. By the end of treatment (day eight), the adjusted mean (SE) color change between groups was -2.20 (0.275) for deltab* and 2.24 (0.254) for deltaL*, a highly significant (p < 0.0001) color improvement for the 10% hydrogen peroxide group relative to placebo, of similar absolute magnitude for deltab* and deltaL*. Treatment with the 10% hydrogen peroxide strips was well-tolerated, with tooth sensitivity and oral irritation representing the most common findings. CONCLUSION: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, statistically significant tooth whitening was evident after three days' treatment with 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips, and color improved with continued usage over seven days.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

In vitro cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes in human dental enamel-microhardness evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ninety-five dental fragments were obtained from nonerupted third molars. The fragments were embedded in polystyrene resin and sequentially polished with abrasive papers (400-, 600-, and 1,000-grit) and diamond pastes of 6, 3, and 1 microm. The fragments were assigned in five groups according to toothpaste treatment: G1 = Rembrandt Plus with Peroxide; G2 = Crest Dual Action Whitening; G3 = Aquafresh Whitening Triple Protection; and the control groups: G4 = Sensodyne Original (without fluoride); G5 = Sensodyne Sodium Bicarbonated (with fluoride). The initial enamel microhardness evaluations were done. For 2 weeks the fragments were submitted daily to a de-remineralization cycle followed by a 10-minute toothpaste slurry. After that, the final microhardness tests were done. The percentage of mineral loss of enamel was determined for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were applied. RESULTS: The results did not show statistically significant differences in mineral loss among groups G1, G2, G3, and G5, which statistically differ from G4 (toothpaste without fluoride). G4 showed the highest mineral loss (P < or = .05). CONCLUSION: The whitening toothpastes evaluated showed a cariostatic effect similar to regular, nonwhitening toothpaste.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Enamel microabrasion: a microscopic evaluation of the "abrosion effect".

Enamel surfaces have been found to acquire a glasslike luster and an exceptionally smooth texture following enamel microabrasion procedures. A commercially available enamel microabrasion compound containing abrasive particles and a mild concentration of hydrochloric acid, when applied by rotary compression, simultaneously abrades and erodes (abrosion) the enamel surface. Human enamel surfaces were evaluated microscopically after routine enamel microabrasion procedures. The results show distinct evidence of enamel surface changes that have been described as the abrosion effect.

Complex Mixtures↗
PubMed2006

Clinical evaluation of chemical and light-activated tooth whitening systems.

Tooth whitening has become one of the most popular dental treatments available. This article compares the efficacy of 2 in-office whitening systems using a split-arch, randomized, parallel, blinded clinical evaluation study. Both in-office tooth whitening systems were effective and there was no significant statistical difference over the 2-week period of observation. The use of light did not demonstrate any benefit over the chemically activated tooth whitening system after a 2-week recall.

Double-Blind Method↗