SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Breakfast”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of plasma glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide responses to three isocaloric breakfasts in non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.

While differences in glucose and insulin responses to specific carbohydrate foods have been reported, few data are available for mixed meals incorporating such foods. This study compared the plasma glucose (PG), serum insulin (SI), and C-peptide (CP) responses to three different isocaloric test breakfasts given in random order to eight insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. The test meals were selected from a hospital food exchange list and contained similar quantities of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and dietary fiber. The postprandial PG, SI, and CP responses to two of the test breakfasts (meal A: eggs, toasted wholemeal bread, orange juice, margarine, and milk; meal B: wheatflake biscuits, toasted wholemeal bread, milk, and margarine) were similar (meal A: 104.3 +/- 23.0 mg X h X dl-1, 5996 +/- 1108 microU X min X ml-1, and 89.8 +/- 25.4 pmol X min X ml-1, respectively; meal B: 104.9 +/- 21.6 mg X h X dl-1, 6268 +/- 1161 microU X min X ml-1, and 99.8 +/- 26.4 pmol X min X ml-1, respectively). Meal C, consisting of toasted muesli and skim milk, produced smaller glycemic and insulin responses (46.8 +/- 8.8 mg X h X dl-1; P less than .02, and 4369 +/- 700 microU X min X ml-1; P less than .05, respectively) than meals A and B and less endogenous insulin secretion (CP response 62.8 +/- 19.9 pmol X min X ml-1; P less than .05 compared with meal A, NS compared with meal B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Planning and task management in older adults: cooking breakfast.

The article describes a simulated "cooking breakfast" task in which participants must remember to start and stop cooking five foods so that all the foods are "ready" at the same time. In between starting and stopping operations, the participants also carried out a "table-setting" task as a filler activity. The breakfast task yields various measures of multitasking and executive control. Groups of younger and older adults performed the task; half of the participants in each group were bilinguals and the other half were monolinguals. The results showed substantial age-related decrements in most measures of executive control. Additionally, older bilinguals showed some advantages in task management over their monolingual peers.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

The after breakfast 50-g, 1-hour glucose challenge test in urban Mexican pregnant women: its sensitivity and specificity evaluated by three diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: To study the sensitivity and specificity of the 50-g, 1-hour gestational glucose challenge test performed 1 to 2 hours after a non-standardized home breakfast in urban Mexican women by using three different gestational diabetes mellitus diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Four hundred and forty-five consecutive women of 24-28 weeks gestation were studied. The glucose challenge test was performed in the fed state and a week later a fasting 100-g, 3-hours oral glucose tolerance test was carried out in all of them. Duplicate serum glucose concentrations were determined by a glucose-oxidase method. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using three different diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The glucose challenge test performed as indicated, with a cutoff of 7.8 mmol/L, had 88-89% sensitivity and 85-87% specificity when using as diagnostic criteria those proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group and by Carpenter & Coustan; by using Sacks et al. criteria, the values were 82% and 88%, respectively. Considering only pregnant women > or = 25 years of age, the sensitivity increased to 92% with the National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Pregnant women < 25 years of age had significantly lower blood glucose values than those with age > or = 25 years during the glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSIONS: For the general group the sensitivity of the glucose challenge test performed 1 to 2 hours after breakfast was similar, based on the National Diabetes Data Group and the Carpenter & Coustan's diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus. However, when pregnant women > or = 25 years of age were considered, the use of the former criteria yielded a slightly better sensitivity.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Effect of two types of Indian breakfast on bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The oral bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil is enhanced by food. This study was done to compare the effect of two types of Indian breakfast on the bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Eight healthy male volunteers participated in the crossover study. Subjects were randomized to receive either one of the two types of breakfast, Diet-A or Diet-B, 10 min before single dose of 500 mg cefuroxime axetil. After a washout period of one week the study was repeated with the other type of diet. Diet-A included idly with chutney. Diet-B included poori and dal-fry. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained prior to dosing and at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0 h following dosing and urine collections were done for 8 h. The serum and urine samples were assayed by using HPLC. RESULTS: The AUC and Cmax were significantly increased after oral administration of cefuroxime axetil with Diet-B, when compared to Diet-A (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02 respectively). The values of apparent absorption rate constant, lag-time, Tmax and t1/2 beta for the two regimens were not significantly different. The volume of distribution and plasma clearance for cefuroxime were significantly lower (P < 0.02, P < 0.001 respectively) in the regimen with Diet-B. The 8 h urinary recovery of cefuroxime was 16.59 and 28.44 per cent (P < 0.005) with Diet-A and Diet-B respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The administration of cefuroxime axetil with poori and dal-fry may enhance the bioavailability when compared with idly and chutney.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[The frequency of breakfast and snack intake by pupils of primary schools in Biala Podlaska].

The aim of this work was an attempt to assess the frequencies of breakfast and snack intake by schoolchildren and to identity its determinants. The study was carried out on spring in 2000, and included 2758 boys and girls aged 10-12 years, schoolchildren from nine primary schools in Biała Podlaska. It was found that more than 11% of schoolchildren had no breakfast at home, moreover 43% of boys and 53% of girls had no snack at school. The correlation between snack consumption at school and subjectively perceived living standard of their parents was significant in girls only (r = 0.26; p < or = 0.05).

Child↗

PubMed2002

[Frequency intake and energy value of breakfast consumed by school youth].

The aim of study was evaluation of frequency intake and energy value of breakfast consumed by high school youth. The group of 126 pupils aged 16-18 years was investigated. Frequency intake was estimated using questionnaire and energy value by 24 hours recall method. The irregularity in breakfast intake as well as changing energy value of them has been shown.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Changes in folate status in overweight/obese women following two different weight control programmes based on an increased consumption of vegetables or fortified breakfast cereals.

The modification of folate status was analysed in a group of sixty-seven overweight/obese women of childbearing age (20-35 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two slightly hypocaloric diets: diet V (increased consumption of vegetables) or diet C (increased consumption of breakfast cereals). Dietetic, anthropometric and biochemical data were collected at the start of the study and again at 2 and 6 weeks. At 6 weeks a weight loss of 2.0 (sd 1.3) kg was achieved in V subjects and of 2.8 (sd 1.4) kg in C subjects (P < 0.05). At the start of the study, 64.2 % of all subjects had a folate intake of < 67 % of the recommended intake; this fell to just 3 % (7.14 % of V subjects and 0 % of C subjects) by week 6. Significant increases were only seen in C subjects in serum folate concentrations (both at 2 and 6 weeks), accompanied by a significant reduction in serum homocysteine (at week 6). Some 62.1 % of all subjects had serum folate concentrations of > or = 13.6 nmol/l (associated with a very low risk of neural tube defects) at the start of the study, while 87.0 % (85.2 % of V subjects and 88.9 % of C subjects) had concentrations of > or = 13.6 nmol/l at 6 weeks (P < 0.01). Increasing the relative consumption of vegetables/cereals in the context of a slightly hypocaloric diet may therefore be a good way to lose body weight. Breakfast cereals may be of special help with respect to folate status and serum homocysteine levels in overweight/obese young women following energy restriction diets.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Pre-breakfast plasma zinc concentrations: the effect of previous meals.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the time and size of the last meal of the previous day on pre-breakfast 0700 hours plasma zinc concentrations. Nine healthy women were each studied on four separate occasions when the same standard meal was taken either at 1800 hours (study 1); double meal at 1800 hours (study 2); at 2400 hours (study 3); or at 1800 hours and 2400 hours (study 4). Mean differences between 1800 hours (day 1) and 0700 hours (day 2) plasma zinc (mumol/L +/- SEM) were 1.6 +/- 0.3 for study one; 0.8 +/- 0.3 for study two; 0.1 +/- 0.3 for study three and 0.0 +/- 0.2 for study four. The differences for studies two, three and four were significantly less than the difference for study one (p less than 0.05). The difference for study four was also less than the difference for study two (p less than 0.05). Changes in time and size of the meals accounted for 59% of within-subject variation in 0700 hours plasma zinc concentrations. It is concluded that pre-breakfast 0700 hours plasma zinc concentrations are affected by the time and the size of the meal(s) consumed the previous evening.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[The effect of a standard breakfast on the central hemodynamics of patients with stenocardia of effort].

Results are reported of a study of the central hemodynamics in 46 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease with effort stenocardia and in 11 clinically healthy persons. In 96.78% of patients with ischemic heart disease and the healthy persons breakfast was followed by an increase of the number of cardiac contractions, minute volume while the general peripheral resistance reduced. These changes are evaluated as a response reaction of the cardiovascular system to an increased inflow of blood to the digestive organs. After breakfast patients with IHD showed an increase of the stroke volume and 3.22% of them showed an unfavourable reaction of cardiovascular system. Planning recommendations on the dietary regimen of patients with IHD one has to consider the character of the cardiovascular system to food loads that may prevent the development of complications.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Dietary habits of school children: breakfast].

An investigation on the dietary habits of 944 secondary school children from Alghero, with reference to breakfast consumption and composition, has shown that the percentage of students who eat nothing for breakfast is higher than that reported by other authors. Furthermore it has been noted that consumption decreases among grown up students. Milk and coffee is the most common type of nutriment and also bread and biscuits are well represented. Other types of food, such as jam, yogurt or butter, are instead rarely consumed. Therefore the average caloric intake is of about 400 Kcal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Theophylline disposition after single-dose ingestion of a once-a-day preparation (Dilatrane A. P. 400 mg) with and without breakfast.

In a two-way single dose crossover experiment in 12 healthy young adults the influence of food (breakfast) on the absorption profiles and bioavailability of theophylline was investigated when the drug was given as Dilatrane A. P. 400 mg capsules (Fisons), a once-a-day sustained-release preparation. The capsule was taken at 8:00 a. m. either after a 10-h fast or immediately after a standard breakfast, yielding 1990 kJ. Theophylline in plasma was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography over a period of 48 h. The food caused a slight but not significant (p greater than 0.05, Student's paired t-test) increase in the time to peak (tmax, 9.4 +/- 1.3 h vs. 8.4 +/- 1.7 h, mean +/- SD) and in the area under the curve (AUC0-48, 114.3 +/- 41.7 mg.l-1.h vs. 105.3 +/- 36.5 mg.l-1.h), the relative bioavailability being 108.9 +/- 12.4%, as compared with ingestion of the capsule in fasted state. Maximum theophylline concentrations in plasma were slightly but significantly higher (cmax, 6.50 +/- 1.82 mg.l-1 vs. 5.26 +/- 1.36 mg.l-1, p less than 0.001) after intake with food but this will probably not be of any clinical relevance. The product is considered to be of good sustained-release quality which in practice may well be taken with food in order to reduce the incidence of locally mediated theophylline-induced gastrointestinal disturbances.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The thermic effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee ingested with breakfast.

The thermic effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee ingested with a standard breakfast was studied in 8 healthy subjects with indirect calorimetry. A higher increase in the metabolic rate was observed after ingestion of the breakfast with coffee containing caffeine than after that with coffee deprived of caffeine.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The breakfast tolerance test: a return to physiology.

The effects of a standardized breakfast on blood glucose, plasma free fatty acid and alpha-amino nitrogen levels, plasma insulin, glucagon and cortisol concentrations as well as serum growth hormone circulating levels are described in a group of six healthy, young, male volunteers. It is suggested to the clinician to use this "breakfast tolerance test" or B.T.T. as a simple means to reconsider on physiological grounds some widely accepted pathophysiological concepts derived from highly unphysiological procedures such as the oral glucose tolerance test or O.G.T.T.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Should you eat breakfast? Estimates from health production functions.

This paper uses an econometric specification based on the health production function approach to examine the importance of lifestyles for adult health. The approach treats health practices such as eating breakfast, smoking, and exercise as inputs into the production of good health; several output measures are explored. The econometric models estimated with data from the 1985 Health Interview Survey show broad agreement with conventional wisdom about the importance of healthy lifestyles. This paper also investigates the role schooling plays in the production of good health. Schooling is found to be related to good health even after controlling for differences in observable health inputs. However, lack of support for a plausible specification of the productive efficiency hypothesis casts some doubt on the interpretation that schooling increases the efficiency of the household production of health.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1980

Dietary fibre supplementation of a 'normal' breakfast administered to diabetics.

The supplementation of a breakfast by 10 g of guar, pectin, agar or locust bean gum in powder form in 13 maturity onset, non-insulin dependent diabetics failed to decrease significantly the post-prandial rise in plasma glucose and insulin seen after a similar meal without the supplement. The values of one hour post-prandial increment in blood glucose seen with guar powder were, for control meal (mean +/- SEM) 5.8 %/- 0.4 mmol/l, for test, 5.7 +/- 0.5; with pectin powder, control 6.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/l, test 5.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/l; with agar powder, control 7.5 +/- 1.0, test 7.0 +/- 0.5; with locust bean gum powder, control 5.9 +/- 1.0, test 5.0 +/- 0.7. The equivalent values for one hour insulin (microU/ml, mean +/- SEM) were, for guar powder, 51 +/0 21 and 51 +/- 16; for pectin powder 60 +/- 24 and 63 +/- 17; for agar powder, 27 +/- 9 and 36 +/- 11 and, for locust bean gum powder 53 +/- 26 and 62 +/- 18. The guar, pectin and locust gum tended to form lumps, and all the substances tested were unpalatable in powder form producing feelings of abdominal discomfort and abnormal fullness. Administering the same quantity of guar or pectin in a well hydrated form (but not premixed with the carbohydrate portion of the food) to the same people under identical conditions did not enhance its effectiveness. Supplementing diets with any of these sources of dietary fibre in either of these forms and in these amounts is unlikely to be beneficial in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption of erythromycin stearate and enteric-coated erythromycin base after a single oral dose immediately before breakfast.

To study the absorption of different preparations of erythromycin in the fasting state, 500 mg stearate (tablets) and 500 mg base (enteric-coated pellets) were given immediately before a standardised breakfast to 24 young, healthy volunteers in an open, random, cross-over trial. The serum peak concentration appeared earlier and was higher after intake of the stearate tablets than after intake of the base pellets; however, there was no difference in the area under the serum concentration vs. time curves (AUC) between the two preparations. The bioavailability of erythromycin stearate in tablet form and of erythromycin base in the form of enteric-coated pellets thus appears comparable when taken on an empty stomach.

Absorption↗

PubMed2002

Dosage form-related food interaction observed in a marketed once-daily nifedipine formulation after a high-fat American breakfast.

OBJECTIVE: Objective of the study was the comparison of two nifedipine sustained-release products marketed in Europe. Maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma-concentration curve (AUC) values were derived after administration of single doses (60 mg) of test product and reference product, both approved for once-a-day administration, to 24 healthy male volunteers either after an overnight fast or immediately after a high-fat American breakfast. The study was performed with a randomised, non-blinded, four-period crossover design. Within- and between-product comparisons were determined for fed versus fasted administration considering bioavailability and tolerability of all treatments. Furthermore, in vitro dissolution characteristics of both products were evaluated. METHODS: Plasma samples were assayed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method, and resulting pharmacokinetic parameters were determined model independently according to international requirements and the current European guidelines. RESULTS: Under fasted conditions the comparison of test and reference products showed a similar extent of bioavailability with a mean ratio of AUC((0-)(infinity)()) of 99% [95% confidence interval (CI) 86%, 114%], but significantly higher C(max) values resulting in a mean ratio of 169% (95% CI 139%, 206%). Accordingly, mean residence time and half-value duration values were smaller for the test product than the reference product. Under fed conditions, a pronounced food effect could be observed for the test product resulting in a pronounced increase of C(max) values. The affiliating point estimate was calculated as 340% with a 95% CI of 279%, 413%. However no remarkable influence of food intake was observed for the reference product. CONCLUSION: Under fasting conditions the modified-release characteristics of the test product are less pronounced than the reference product. No relevant impact of food intake could be observed for the reference product when switching from fasted to fed state, whereas a significant loss of modified-release characteristics could be detected for the test product under fed conditions resulting in much higher maximum concentrations. Such a phenomenon has been described in literature as "dose-dumping effect".

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effect of a barley breakfast cereal on blood glucose and insulin response in normal and diabetic patients.

Prowashonupana (Prowash) is a shrunken-endosperm, short awn, waxy starch, hulless barley with low starch, high fiber, high protein, and a relatively high concentration of free sugars. The study was designed to compare equivalent breakfast meals (w/w) of Prowash and oatmeal for glycemic response in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. A commercial liquid meal replacer (LMR) was included as a reference standard. A substantial reduction of the post-prandial glycemic peak following ingestion of Prowash was observed as compared to LMR or oatmeal. In the non-diabetic subjects, the maximal rise in glucose from baseline was 26.3 +/- 3.9 mg/dL after LMR, 41.3 +/- 3.9 mg/dL after oatmeal and 6.4 +/- 2.7 mg/dL after Prowash (p < 0.01). The maximal increase in glucose in the diabetic patients was 69.9 +/- 4.5 mg/dL after LMR, 80.8 +/- 8.8 mg/dL after oatmeal and 28.4 +/- 3.5 mg/dL after Prowash (p < 0.01). The maximal increase in insulin post-LMR was 33.9 +/- 3.6 mIU/ml in the diabetic patients and 54.0 +/- 9.8 mIU/ml in the non-diabetic controls. Oatmeal elicited a maximal insulin increase of 29.9 +/- 4.2 mIU/ml in the control subjects and 21.4 +/- 2.5 mIU/ml in the diabetic patients. In contrast, the maximal insulin increase after Prowash was 8.6 +/- 1.5 mIU/ml in the non-diabetic controls and 6.8 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml in the diabetic patients (p < 0.01).

Avena↗