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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Ultrastructure and possible function of an atrial paraganglion not directly related to atrial ganglion in the albino mouse.

The ultrastructure of a paraganglion found in right atrium of albino mouse close to the superior cava vein is described. A capillary, which occupied the central part of the paraganglion, was surrounded by three chromaffin cells. Two other chromaffin cells were also present, but neither nerve fibers nor nerve endings were seen. The possible physiological role of paraganglia is discussed.

Albinism↗
PubMed1993

Mammalian achaete-scute homolog 1 is required for the early development of olfactory and autonomic neurons.

The mouse Mash-1 gene, like its Drosophila homologs of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C), encodes a transcription factor expressed in neural precursors. We created a null allele of this gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Mice homozygous for the mutation die at birth with apparent breathing and feeding defects. The brain and spinal cord of the mutants appear normal, but their olfactory epithelium and sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric ganglia are severely affected. In the olfactory epithelium, neuronal progenitors die at an early stage, whereas the nonneuronal supporting cells are present. In sympathetic ganglia, the mutation arrests the development of neuronal precursors, preventing the generation of sympathetic neurons, but does not affect glial precursor cells. These observations suggest that Mash-1, like its Drosophila homologs of the AS-C, controls a basic operation in development of neuronal progenitors in distinct neural lineages.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1959

[Glomus jugulare].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chromaffin System↗
PubMed1984

Enterochromaffin (Argentaffin) cells of the rat gastrointestinal tract. An ultrastructural study.

Argentaffin cells from different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract were examined electron microscopically by the semi-thin/ultra-thin sectioning technique. All these cells contained round or pleomorphic secretory granules, which were mainly concentrated in the infranuclear zone, except in the antrum, where they occurred with a similar frequency in all the peri-nuclear areas. The highest frequency of granules was found in the colon. The largest granules were seen in the duodenum and the smallest in the large intestine. Argentaffin cells with processes oriented towards the glandular and villous surface were most frequent in the small intestine. No secretory granules were seen in the most apical part of these processes, where in an earlier study serotonin immunoreactivity was observed. This may indicate that serotonin can be stores in a non-granular form. No close topographic relationship was found between the argentaffin cells and other endocrine cell types or the nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Nutritional influences on adrenal chromaffin cell development: comparison with central neurons.

Neurotransmitter systems in the developing brain are generally protected from growth retardation associated with nutritional deprivation. To investigate if such protective mechanisms extend to similar tissues in the peripheral sympathetic system, maturation of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and development of their centrally derived splanchnic innervation were evaluated in rats whose nutritional status had been altered during the neonatal period by increasing (16-17 pups/litter) or decreasing (five to six pups/litter) the litter size from the standard (11-12 pups/litter). Ontogeny of adrenal catecholamine stores and activities of catecholamine-biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase were monitored, along with activity of choline acetyltransferase, a marker enzyme for the preganglionic neurons innervating the chromaffin cells. Neonatal nutritional deprivation slowed body weight gain and retarded development of the chromaffin cells, as evidenced by subnormal catecholamine stores, tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activities. The effects persisted despite the complete recovery of body weights postweaning. The developmental alterations were not caused by overcrowding stress, as plasma corticosterone levels were not elevated in the large litter group. Neonatal nutritional enrichment promoted body weight gain but failed to enhance development of adrenal catecholamines; tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activities were elevated only in the preweaning period. In contrast to effects on the chromaffin cells, altered neonatal nutritional status had only minor, transient effects on the development of the centrally derived cholinergic innervation of the adrenal and produced only small changes (less than 10%) in brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Developmental expression of galanin-like immunoreactivity by members of the avian sympathoadrenal cell lineage.

The developmental coexpression of galanin-like immunoreactivity with the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was studied in the avian embryo sympathoadrenal system using double-labeling immunocytochemistry. Galanin-like immunoreactivity is expressed by various catecholaminergic cell populations, namely sympathoblasts, chromaffin and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, but not by principal neurons of the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia. Both galanin and somatostatin immunoreactivities are coexpressed in the adrenal and sympathetic ganglion primordia by the neural precursors, but the subsequent expression pattern of both peptides differs. Our results support the hypothesis that early sympathoblasts express a large repertoire of neuroactive substances and that the expression of these becomes restricted during further development as the sympathoblasts become principal neurons.

Animals↗