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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The silent period threshold as a measure of corticospinal inhibition.

Corticomotor threshold is a clinically useful concept for defining motor cortex excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Although the silent period duration can be a quantitative measure of corticospinal inhibitory function, its threshold value has not been formally determined. The authors studied 20 right-handed normal subjects and found that silent period threshold was a reproducible parameter that did not vary with age and sex. Its value was significantly lower with left-sided transcranial magnetic stimulation and right-hand recordings. The silent period threshold may be a novel parameter useful for future studies of cortical inhibitory function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Primary odditis. Clinical features, therapy, and possible pathogenesis (author's transl)].

Primary odditis, a rare affection, was observed in 28 patients (15 women and 13 men) with a mean age of 56.4 years. Epigastric or right hypochondrial pain was the presenting symptom in 13 cases, while in 13 others the onset was heralded by jaundice, either of a chronic nature (2 cases) or of the pseudo-lithiasic type (11 cases). The pancreatic form is much less frequent (2 cases). Radiological and histological findings are compared with those described in the published literature. All patients demonstrated a specific psychosomatic profile. Primary odditis can be reproduced experimentally in dogs by chronic irritation of the right splanchnic nerve, this acting on a nerve circuit which includes the right splanchnic and left vagus nerves. It is suggested that such lesions are secondary to a "nervous irritation" (Reilly's phenomenon). Treatment of primary odditis is by surgery only, sphincterectomy giving the best results, though choledochoduodenal anastomosis is also effective in elderly patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reproducibility of visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores to mechanical pressure.

This study tested the reproducibility of visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores to measure changes in masseter muscle pain evoked by maximally tolerable mechanical stimulation over a short time period in healthy subjects. This study also evaluated gender differences in reproducibility of VAS scores to mechanical stimulation. Ten healthy female and eight healthy male individuals participated in this study. The recordings of VAS pain scores to an identical mechanical pressure on the masseter muscle were performed at three different sessions (T1, T2, and T3). The subjects rated their pain on a VAS to a maximally tolerable stimulus that was recorded on an algometer at the first session. The algometer pressure reading was recorded for each subject and then used to duplicate the same identical mechanical stimulus at each of the three sessions. This identical pressure was repeated in the same marked spot at six minutes and after 30 minutes. The subjects rated the pain on a VAS to this identical stimulus at each session. There was no significant difference in VAS pain scores of all subjects at T1, T2, and T3. There was no significant difference in reproducibility of VAS pain scores in females compared to males. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.811 on the right masseter and 0.844 on the left masseter. VAS pain scores to mechanical stimulation were reproducible over a short time period. Gender did not affect the reproducibility. This previously unreported method of measuring pain to repeated identical mechanical stimulation appears to have potential for both clinical and research application.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pattern of coronary arteriolar bifurcations and the uniform shear hypothesis.

By minimizing the cost function, which is the sum of the friction power loss and the metabolic energy proportional to blood volume, Murray derived an optimal condition for a vascular bifurcation. Murray's law states that the cube of the radius of a parent vessel equals the sum of the cubes of the radii of the daughters. We tested Murray's law against our data of pig's maximally vasodilated coronary arteriolar blood vessels at bifurcation points in control and hypertensive ventricles. Data were obtained from 7 farm pigs, 4 normal controls and 3 with right ventricular hypertrophy induced by stenosis of a pulmonary artery. Data on coronary arteriolar bifurcations were obtained from histological specimens by optical sectioning. The experimental results show excellent agreement with Murray's law in control and hypertensive hearts. Theoretically, we show that Murray's law can be derived alternatively as a consequence of the uniform vessel-wall shear strain rate hypothesis and a fluid mechanics equation based on conservation of mass and momentum. Conversely, the fluid mechanical equation, together with Murray's law, established as an empirical equation of actual measurements implies the uniformity of the shear strain rate of the blood at the vessel wall throughout the arterioles. The validity of these statements is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Characteristic electron microscopical projections of the small ribosomal subunit from Thermomyces lanuginosus.

Multivariate statistical analysis and hierarchical ascendant classification techniques have been used to sort electron images of small ribosomal subunits from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus into their characteristic views. Three predominant modes of adsorption to the support were elucidated: right-lateral, left-lateral and asymmetric, showing reproducible detail approaching 1.8 nm resolution. The projections of the fungal complexes appeared almost identical to those of HeLa cells, rat liver and rabbit reticulocytes studied previously in this manner. This result contrasts with the greater variation in fine structural features observed between ribosomal subunits from different prokaryotic species.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical and electrophysiological study in a patient surviving from locked-in syndrome.

The results of clinical and electrophysiological investigations in a patient with a locked-in syndrome due to a pontine infarction, mainly on the right side, are presented. EEG showed only slight disturbances, while BAER and SSER revealed response alterations as could be expected from physical examination. BAER revealed altered central conduction after stimulation of either side. After median nerve stimulation on the right side SSER was slightly delayed, while no reproducible cortical response was seen after stimulation on the left side. Our patient survived and showed partial recovery.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1993

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia using paced activation sequence mapping.

OBJECTIVES: Although ectopic atrial tachycardia is infrequent, it can be an important clinical challenge. We sought to define an alternative therapeutic approach to this refractory problem. BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency energy catheter ablation has been used to treat a variety of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias but has not been proved efficacious in the management of ectopic atrial tachycardia. METHODS: Ten patients (14 to 47 years of age) referred with refractory ectopic atrial tachycardia were studied. Mapping techniques included identification of earliest atrial activation, confirmation of concordance of P wave configuration during spontaneous tachycardia and pacing from the ablation catheter, and paced activation sequence mapping. The paced activation sequence mapping compared the activation sequence at multiple atrial sites during spontaneous tachycardia with that recorded during pacing from the ablation catheter. The catheter was steered to a point where pacing reproduced the spontaneous activation sequence. RESULTS: Foci were right atrial in eight patients and left atrial in two. In 8 of 10 patients, 514 +/- 97 (SE) J and 5.7 +/- 2.3 (SD) J radiofrequency energy applications ablated the ectopic focus. Seven of these eight patients presented with one focus and one had two discrete and stable foci. Ablation was unsuccessful in two patients with multiple foci. No complications occurred. An arrhythmia focus recurred in two patients and one patient underwent successful repeat ablation. The other patient was managed medically. All seven patients with successful ablation are symptom free after 6.5 +/- 3.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience suggests that with the use of both paced activation sequence mapping and standard techniques, radiofrequency ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia may be a safe and effective form of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and the role of adenosine pharmacologic stress.

As an advanced imaging modality, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers high spatial resolution and produces unsurpassed images of the heart and its function. Clinically, CMR is well established in the assessment of congenital heart disease, the aorta, tumors, the pericardium, cardiac mass and function, flow measurement, and the structure and function of the right ventricle. CMR has demonstrated a high interstudy reproducibility of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and mass, making it the ideal noninvasive technique for serial measurements. CMR growth areas that are nearing routine clinical application are the evaluation of myocardial perfusion, infarction, and viability. In perfusion CMR studies, pharmacologic stress is used to increase differences in the first-pass delivery of the contrast agent between myocardial regions perfused by normal and diseased arteries. The most widely used stress modality for CMR perfusion studies is adenosine.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1999

Neglect-associated constructional disorders: a paradoxical phenomenon?

Five neglect patients without diffuse cognitive impairment or overt constructional disabilities were asked to bisect lines and rectangles and to copy rectangles bisected in their midplane. As a group, patients showed the usual rightward bias in bisecting lines and a milder deviation in bisecting horizontally-aligned rectangles, but showed a leftward deviation of the subjective midline in the copying task. This was due to drawing the left half shorter with respect to normal controls but three patients also drew the right half longer (the total length was the same as that of controls). A possible interpretation of rectangle copying results in these three patients is that they could create a representation of the stimulus to be copied accurately enough to reproduce its total length correctly but the subjective distribution of right and left space within that representation was unbalanced. However, specific experimental work is needed to verify why our patients with mild to moderate unilateral spatial neglect overrepresented the left side in a line bisection task and underrepresented it in a copying task.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Standardized intracardiac measurements of two-dimensional echocardiography.

Thirty-five healthy adults were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography to attempt to standardize a simple method for measurement of intracardiac dimensions. Both ventricles and the atria and aorta were measured in five different views: parasternal long-axis, parasternal short-axis at the level of the aortic valve, the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles and an apical four chamber view. The minor axis of each chamber was measured in all five views; the major axis in the apical four chamber view also was measured. All measurements are presented as a range of values (mean and 2 standard deviations about the mean); the mean value is given as well as the absolute range of values measured. Normalization according to body surface area is also presented. Data from these multiple views allow assessment of asymmetry of cardiac chambers in normal subjects. The mean minor axis dimension at end-diastole of the right ventricle in the parasternal long-axis view (1.9 to 3.8 cm) was 13.6% smaller than in the four chamber view (2.2 to 4.4 cm), whereas the minor axis dimension of the left ventricle in the parasternal long-axis view (3.5 to 6.0 cm) was only 1.1% larger than in the four chamber view (3.3 to 6.0 cm). Therefore, the right ventricular minor axis dimensions are not interchangeable. Reproducibility in 10 subjects for all dimensions showed a maximal variability of 4.8%. These values permit a standardized and expeditious method for measuring intracardiac dimensions by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrasonic contrast studies for the detection of cardiac shunts.

Contrast echocardiography has achieved importance in the diagnosis of cardiac shunt lesions. The technique provides information about flow patterns and serves as an adjunct to identifying communications that may be too small to image, even with high resolution real time scanning. This report reviews clinical applications and experiences in the use of standard, peripherally injected echocardiographic contrast agents for the detection of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. The importance and development of transpulmonary contrast agents capable of crossing the pulmonary capillary bed to opacify the left ventricle are reviewed and experience with a variety of experimental echocardiographic contrast agents is presented. Agents opacifying the left ventricle after intravenous injection are capable of providing direct ultrasonic contrast imaging of congenital left to right shunts. Further, recent experience with an experimental standardized, gas-producing contrast agent in an open chest animal model with an experimentally produced ventricular septal defect suggests that a combination of an experimental right heart agent that produces a measurable and reproducible amount of contrast effect, with a videodensitometric system capable of quantifying both positive and negative contrast effects, may provide an ultrasonic method for evaluating the magnitude of cardiac shunts.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Photoelastic analysis of bone deformation in the region of the mandibular condyle during mastication.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this experimental study was to demonstrate the stress patterns arising in the region of the mandibular condyle during mastication. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Stress analysis was performed using reflection photoelasticity to demonstrate deformation occurring on the surface of the mandible. The rami of three fresh dentate human mandibles were coated with a shell of photoelastic resin. Using a novel loading device, these mandibles were then subjected to external forces (muscular traction, resultant mandibular forces and intra-articular reaction force) reproducing a unilateral biting task between the first right molars. Deformations were measured from the working side. RESULTS: The trace of isostatic lines from the isoclinic fringes revealed major differences in stress distributions between the three mandibles. These differences were attributed to differences in shape between the three mandibles. Conversely, we consistently found compressive stress patterns along the posterior border of the ramus and tensile stress patterns along the anterior border of the ramus and in the zone situated below the siqmoid notch. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that during this particular task, the mandible is subjected to sagittal forces which tend to straighten the mandibular angle. This implies that new concepts are needed for the positioning of osteosynthesis plates in the condylar region, close to the tensile strain lines, as has been recommended also for other parts of the mandible when applying semi-rigid internal fixation.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

The construction and psychometric properties of an instrument measuring support for sexual rights.

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an attempt to construct and examine the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures support for the 11 sexual rights formulated by the World Association of Sexology. Since international conferences held in the mid-1990s, a new approach to sexual issues has been promoted by health professionals, sex educators, and human rights advocates. This approach emphasizes the empowerment of individuals and examines sexual health concerns within a human rights framework. Goals of a sexual rights approach have been to promote awareness and advocacy of sexual issues and especially to facilitate the work toward better sex education and sexual health services. Analysis of reliability and validity data from two university samples (n = 388 and n = 175) indicated that the majority of the sexual rights scales have acceptable psychometric properties. This paper concludes with a discussion of ways to improve the scales for future use and the need to validate the scales using samples that allow generalizability of findings.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Influence of the breathing mode on the time course and amplitude of the cyclic inter-atrial pressure reversal in postoperative coronary bypass surgery patients.

The haemodynamic basis for paradoxical embolization in patients with stroke and decompression sickness has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore right and left atrial pressures were measured simultaneously with peroperatively placed catheters after coronary artery bypass grafting in 17 patients with sinus rhythm and normal left ventricular function. Recordings were made both during spontaneous breathing and positive pressure ventilation. A cyclic pressure reversal in which right atrial pressure exceeded left atrial pressure was reproducibly recorded. It started on average 215 +/- 5 ms (mean +/- SEM) after the onset of the electrocardiographic P-wave, lasted on average 179 +/- 14 ms and had a maximal amplitude of on average 4.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg. During the expiration phase of spontaneous breathing and inspiration phase of positive pressure ventilation, the onset of the pressure reversal occurred later, its duration was shorter and its amplitude smaller. These observations demonstrate the presence of a cyclic inter-atrial pressure reversal and illustrate the importance of the breathing mode for the time course and amplitude of this reversal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of left-to-right shunts in adults with atrial septal defect using first-pass radionuclide cardiography.

Non-invasive determination of left-to-right shunts at the atrial level was performed by a new procedure using first-pass radionuclide measurement of cardiac output of the right and left ventricle. In 23 patients with coronary artery disease without shunt the mean difference between the cardiac outputs of the right and left ventricle was 0.04 l.min-1, the limits of agreement -0.80 to 0.88 l.min-1 and the 95% confidence interval for the bias -0.14 to 0.22 l.min-1. Right-sided cardiac catheterization was performed to assess the severity of the arterio-venous shunt by oximetry in 18 adult patients with atrial septal defects. The range of pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratios was 1.4 to 5.0 (mean 2.7) by oximetry and 1.3 to 4.4 (mean 2.5) by the radionuclide technique. The mean difference between flow ratios measured by the two methods was 0.25, the limits of agreement, -0.85 to 1.35 and the 95% confidence intervals for the bias -0.02 to 0.52. In two patients the difference in flow ratios was more than 1. In one of these the oximetric value was more than 2, and the radionuclide value less than 2. The limits of agreement between flow ratios determined by repeated measurements were -1.05 to 0.97, and by two independent observers -0.75 to 0.77. The present findings suggest that first-pass radionuclide determination of left-to-right shunts through atrial septal defects is both reproducible and accurate when compared to the oximetric technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Pressures recorded at the denture base-mucosal surface interface in complete denture wearers.

This study reports on pressures recorded at the denture base-mucosal surface interface in four edentulous subjects. Four sites were selected, namely (a) the midpalatal region in the upper complete denture, (b) the labial to the mid-line lower complete denture, (c) directly under the lower left and (d) right first molar teeth. The study examined the reproducibility of the pressure values obtained when the subjects chewed two test foods (carrot and peanut). The subjects repeated the chewing sequences on the same day and one subject was tested over a 3-day period. The younger subjects and subjects with the shortest chewing sequences gave the most reproducible results. The two foods were shown to have different effects both on the pressure values recorded and the duration of the chewing sequence. Patients who transferred the food bolus from side to side during the chewing sequence affected the reproducibility of the results obtained from the lower denture transducers.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed1995

Paracrine coronary endothelial control of left ventricular function in humans.

BACKGROUND: Similar to endothelial modulation of vascular tone, myocardial contraction may be modulated by cardioactive agents released from the coronary endothelium. To investigate such modulation in humans, we performed invasive assessment of left ventricular (LV) function before, during, and after bicoronary infusion of substance P, which releases nitric oxide from the endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight healthy subjects were investigated during diagnostic coronary angiography and eight transplant recipients during annual catheterization. Tip-micromanometer LV pressure was recorded before, during, and after bicoronary (n = 16) and right atrial (n = 14) infusion of substance P (20 pmol/min). LV angiograms (n = 11) were obtained before and at the end of the substance P infusion. At the end of the intracoronary substance P infusion, we observed (1) a fall in LV peak systolic pressure from 147 +/- 16 to 139 +/- 15 mm Hg (P < .01) in healthy subjects and from 147 +/- 25 to 141 +/- 22 mmHg (P < .05) in transplant recipients; (2) a downward and rightward shift of the average LV end-systolic pressure-volume point consistent with depressed systolic performance; and (3) a rise in LV end-diastolic volume at comparable end-diastolic pressure, consistent with increased end-diastolic distensibility. Five minutes after the substance P infusion, LV peak systolic pressure was higher than at baseline in healthy subjects (154 +/- 18 mm Hg; P < .05). Right atrial infusion of substance P did not reproduce these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Bicoronary infusion of substance P modulates LV function in humans, probably through paracrine myocardial action of cardioactive agents released from the coronary endothelium.

Cardiac Catheterization↗