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PubMed1976

Global surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae.

Strains of Vibrio cholerae-1156 from various parts of the world-were examined by standardized antibiotic sensitivity tests in one centre, to determine the global incidence of antibiotic resistance in this organism and to assess the extent to which differences in methods of sensitivity testing might be responsible for discrepancies in the reported incidence of resistant strains. Of the strains examined, 1127 were fully sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, furazolidone, and three different sulphonamides, 27 showed stable and reproducible resistance to one or more of these agents, and 2 proved to contain a minority of cells with unstable, presumably plasmid-borne, resistance to chloram-phenicol. Unstable resistance to antibiotics may be common in V. cholerae but rarely recognized, and may account for some of the discrepancies in the reported incidence of resistant strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative study of the antibiotic sensitivity of Proteus hauseri bacteria belonging to different serological groups].

Sensitivity to 9 antibiotics of 1040 strains of Proteus belonging to the serological groups 03, 05, 06, 07, 010, 011, 013, 023, 024, 026, 027, 028 and 030 was studied. It was found that the above strains were sensitive and highly sensitive to the aminoglycosides and streptomycin, slightly sensitive to levomycetin and resistant to tetracyclines, erythromycin and penicillin. All the strains were polyresistant and 99.6 per cent of them were resistant to 4--9 antibiotics. Ten types of resistance were found. Proteus strains with the resistance type PETOtCht were most common. No relation between the occurrence of the strains of various serological groups and the character and level of their resistance to the antibiotics was found.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Antibiotic sensitivity testing by flow microcalorimetry.

The proposed flow microcalorimetric method for the diagnosis of bacteriuria has been extended to include antibiotic sensitivity testing. Sensitive organisms rapidly (4-8 min) show thermal responses to the added antibiotics over the normal range of concentrations (1 x, 2x, MIC value).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogenic enterobacteria isolated from sick children].

The authors studied 2287 strains of pathogenic enteric bacteria, i.e. Shigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia and Salmonella freshly isolated from children with respect to their sensitivity to the most widely used antibiotics, i.e. levomycetin, tetracycline, streptomycin, monomycin, neomycin, kanamycin and erythromycin. Low sensitivity of these strains to the above antibiotics and their combinations was observed. In the treatment of children of this group it is necessary to take into account multiple antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates of the enteropathogenic bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Studies of some biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of 30 L strains of Staphylococcus aureus].

The production of coagulase, DNase and haemolysins by 30 L-forms obtained from as many strains of Staphylococcus aureus having these properties, has been studied using different techniques. All of L-strains produced coagulase, for the most part after incubation for 24 h, but only some produced DNase and haemolisins. At the same time, the sensitivities of various antibiotics of staphyloccal L-forms and the parent strains has been determined. All of L-forms, as regards to bacterial form from which they were derived, showed an high resistance to antibiotics of which the primary site of action is upon cell wall (penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, cephalosporins, vancomycin), with the exception of bacitracin. The tetracycline was more effective against the L-forms, while the group that includes chloramphenicol, novobiocin, streptomycin, gentamycin and kanamycin inhibited coccal and L-forms about equally.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative antibiotic sensitivity of different species of staphylococci isolated from humans].

A total of 206 strains of various staphylococcal species isolated from various sources were studied with respect to their sensitivity to 18 antibiotics. The number of strains poly-resistant to the antibiotics was almost the same among Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis, i. e. 54.8 and 51.3 per cent respectively. The coagulase-negative and mannitol-negative variants of Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis possessing high biological activity (10-14 properties) were resistant to more antibiotics as compared to the low active strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Species makeup, biological activity and antibiotic sensitivity of the microbes isolated from patients with a surgical infection].

Specimens from 227 patients with purulent surgical infections of various localization were tested. The microbial growth was observed in 87.6 per cent of the patients, staphylococci being found in 80.8 per cent of them. The plasma coagulating properties were detected in the staphylococci from 84.2 per cent of the patients among the total number of the staphylococcal isolates. Staphylococci were mostly isolated from the patients with osteomyelitis, infected wounds. Monocultures of the microbes and associations were found in 78.8 and 22.1 per cent of the patients respectively. The microbial associations were observed most often in cases with the diseases of the respiratory organs or abdominal cavity and osteomyelitis as compared to the cases with infected wounds. As dependent on the origin, the staphylococci in the patients of various groups differed by their phage type characteristics. Most of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, monomycin and neomycin (84 to 99.1 per cent). The antibiotic sensitive staphylococci were isolated more frequent from the cases with osteomyelitis and the diseases of the respiratory organs as compared to the other nosological forms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fate of orally administered antibiotic sensitive "Escherichia coli" in the intestine of the newborn (author's transl)].

In an intensive care unit, 14 newborns, without antibiotic intake, received orally 1 ml of culture broth from an antibiotic-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli marked with resistance to sodium azide. The purpose was to study the fate of the E. coli administered and to determine whether an interaction was obtained between that strain and antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in the gut flora. In 3 infants the strain administered developed and was the only enterobacterium excreted during the first week; in 4 others the strain was recovered during one week or more, in quantities greater than 10(6)/g of stools. In 6 others, the strain appeared for less than one week, and/or in quantity less than 10(6)/g of stools. In 1 child the strain could not be recovered at all. These data show what is obtained in "holoxenic" newborns in spite of challenge with many other bacteria. They have been obtained with an ubiquitus E. coli and can be used as a control for further studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Direct urinary antibiotic sensitivity studies. A rapid method of therapeutic orientation in a urology department (author's transl)].

Two hundred and thirty antibiotic sensitivity studies performed directly on urine in a urology department were compared with the results of cytological and bacteriological examinations of the same urine in the laboratory. The direct sensitivity study proved valid in 65% of cases. This method, which shortens the time in which results are obtained, is thus useful in a urology department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Antibiotic sensitivity of two Aeromonas and nine Pseudomonas species.

An agar dilution method was used to determine the in vitro sensitivity of different Pseudomonas and Aeromonas species to sulphonamide, tetracycline, colistin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amplicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin. P. aeruginosa was generally sensitive to carbenicillin, colistin, tobramycin, and gentamicin. P. putida and P. fluorescens were generally resistant to beta-lactam antibodies but sensitive to gentamicin and tobramycin. P. cepacia and P. maltophilia were mostly resistant to colistin, gentamicin and tobramycin. Other Pseudomonas species were usually more sensitive to the antibodies tested. Strains of Aeromonas hydrophila were mostly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics but sensitive to other antibiotics, while strains of A. shigelloides were very sensitive to all antibiotics tested.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1978

Cell envelope alterations in antibiotic-sensitive and-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The cell envelopes of antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive isogenic strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed to determine whether acquisition of genetic loci for altered antibiotic sensitivity was accompanied by alterations in cell envelope composition. No differences in the composition of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides were noted. Acquisition of mtr-2, which results in low-level, nonspecific increased resistance to multiple antibiotics, dyes, and detergents, was accompanied by a sevenfold increase in the amount of a minor, 52,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein and a 32% increase in the extent of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Subsequent addition of the nonspecific hypersensitivity loci env-1 or env-2 to a strain carrying mtr-2 resulted in reversal of the phenotypic resistance determined by mtr-2 and marked reduction in both the amount of the 52,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein and the extent of peptidoglycan cross-linking. Introduction of penB2, which results in a fourfold increase in resistance to penicillin and tetracycline, was accompanied by the disappearance of the principal outer membrane protein of the wild-type strain (molecular weight, 36,900) and the appearance of a new species of the principal outer membrane protein (molecular weight, 39,400) in the transformant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Study of antibiotic sensitivity in 34 strains of large colony mycoplasma (author's transl)].

The application of Steer's technic to large colony mycoplasma for the study of antibiotic sensitivities, permitted us to compare the activity of various molecules inhibiting protein synthesis. Among large colony mycoplasmas, only mycoplasma pneumoniae is sensitive to erythromycin but we have already isolated a strain resistant at 400 microgram/ml. This should be remembered during treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. This species always remains sensitive to tetracycline. Among the latter, doxycyclin and minocyclin are preferred, firstly for their greater efficacy in vitro and secondly their better pharmacodynamic criteria. Gentamicin, tobramycin and chloramphenicol are also active in vitro. No trial in vivo has been carried out.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of two methods of antibiotic sensitivity test: gel diffusion and automatic method using ABAC apparatus. II. Study on 399 strains isolated in hospital (author's transl)].

The authors compared for routine use, the results obtained on 399 strains of Gram negative bacilli by two technics of antibiotic sensitivity: the technic of gel diffusion with imprenated discs and an automatic method (ABAC apparatus). Among the antibiotics used as a routine in our laboratory by the diffusion method and the 16 studied with the ABAC apparatus, 11 are common to both methods and were compared. The concordance of the results was greater than 90% for colistine (94.5%), oxolinic acid (93.5%), tobramycin (91.7%). It lies between 80 and 90% in the case of carbenicillin (89.1%), nalidixic acid (87.5%), kanamycin (87.2%). It is less in the case of gentamicin (77.9%), ampicillin (77.3%, chloramphenicol (76%), streptomycin (70.3%), minocycline with 55.9% gave the lowest results. The percentage of uninterpretable responses by ABAC was 0.7% for all 11 antibiotics. The correlations were good for the Enterobacteriaceae: Serratia (75.4%), Eschericia coli (87.5%). They are less in the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71.6%). The ABAC makes sensitivity test automatic and appears a reliable method.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated in association with fungi].

Sensitivity of bacteria isolated from the bronchial contents of 414 patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases was studied with respect to 8 antibiotics. A significant decrease in the antibiotic sensitivity of cocci, i. e. staphylococci and streptococci isolated in association with fungi, i. e. Candida, Aspergillus and Penicillium was shown. The results of the study were confirmed experimentally in mixed incubation of the staphylococci with Candida albicans in vitro.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis: antibiotic sensitivity and phage types during the latest decade. Investigation of the occurrence of protein A and some other properties of recently isolated strains in relation to the occurrence of precipitating antibodies.

During the recent decade, 1651 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from 111 patients with cystic fibrosis have been tested for antibiotic sensitivity and half of the isolates have been phage typed. All the patients were followed in one clinic and the policy of antibiotic treatment was consistent during this period. The results show a dynamic situation where "epidemic" phage types during recent years have been gradually replaced by other types and, during the same period, the prevalence of strains resistant to more than one antibiotic decreased. Multiresistant strains including strains resistant to methicillin were infrequent in these patients. From 23 per cent of the patients, the same strains were repeatedly isolated for more than 1 year despite an apparently successful chemotherapy. Recently isolated strains were found to produce cellbound as well as extracellular protein A. Ninety-one per cent of the strains produced extracellular lipase and only 8 per cent were resistant to mercury chloride. Eighty-one per cent of the patients produced precipitating antibodies agains S. aureus as judged by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The investigated properties of S. aureus were not significantly correlated with the occurrence of precipitating antibodies against these bacteria. The possible significance of protein A in the pathology of the respiratory tract infection is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Quality control on antibiotic sensitivity tests: preliminary trials (author's transl)].

A quality control study in clinical microbiology was instituted by A.M.O.I. (Associazione Microbiologi Ospedalieri Italiani) since 1974. Preliminary results are reported on sensitivity tests quality control made by a group of laboratories in various parts of Italy. Our data show the great variety of methods used for antibiotic sensitivity disk determination and therefore the opportunity to standardize this procedure.

Italy↗
PubMed1979

Lipid composition and polyene antibiotic sensitivity in isolates of Candida albicans.

When Candida albicans cells were grown on hydroquinone (Hy cells) or ascorbic acid (As cells) supplemented media, they exhibited a 26% rise and 16% drop in ergosterol content, respectively. C. albicans cells manifested a gradual increase in total lipid levels, when they were grown on n-alkanes of different chain lengths. The magnitude of the nystatin effect (in terms of proline uptake and K+ efflux) was more pronounced in cells having more ergosterol (Hy cells) compared with the cells having low levels of ergosterol (As cells), suggesting a correlation between nystatin sensitivity and ergosterol content of the C. albicans cells. However, such correlation could not be demonstrated in alkane grown cells where levels of different lipids were variable. Results demonstrated that several other lipids besides sterol may also influence the polyene antibiotic sensitivity in C. albicans cells.

Candida albicans↗