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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain stem and other responses in electric response audiometry.

For electric response audiometry of young children who require sedation, an indicator is desired that is more reliable than the slow vertex potential. There are four leading candidates: 1) The electrocochleogram (ECochG) is very reliable with a transtympanic electrode on the promontory, but this is a surgical procedure and requires a general anesthetic. 2) The early midbrain responses give similar information with external electrodes, but they are complex and low in voltage. 3) The muscle reflexes (sonomotor responses) are a crude indicator with high and variable thresholds and are not suited to precise audiometry. 4) The "middle" responses, perhaps cortical in origin, are good candidates, but they have not yet been adequately validated in the clinic. For the midbrain responses and particularly for the ECochG, close synchronization of nerve impulses is essential. This requires a compromise with selectivity of frequency. High-tone audiometry by electrocochleography and midbrain responses is satisfactory, but limitations are increasingly severe below 2 kHz, where each sound wave is a separate acoustic stimulus. Low-frequency tones stimulate the basal turn of the cochlea at relatively low sensation levels. This makes assessment of the apical portion of the cochlea very difficult, even with the midbrain "frequency-following response" (FFR).

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech audiometry and fitting of hearing aids in noise.

Conventional speech audiometry, performed in a noise-free testing room, often gives only little information on the patient's impairment of speech perception in daily life. A sensitized form of free-field speech audiometry is suggested which simulates everyday speech perception and, at the same time, supplies comparable and reproducible results. The test material consists of phonetically balanced sentences. From separate loudspeakers, a standardized environmental noise with a constant sound pressure level, 50 dB(A) is admixed. By this technique, certain handicaps in speech perception, undetected by conventional test procedures, can be revealed. Above all, the results are in good accordance with the subjective assessment of disability. A standardization of 'handicap speech audiometry' based on these principles is therefore suggested. The comparative hearing-aid fitting in noise improves the final selection with special regard to practical use.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

[Predictive value of high frequency audiometry in otosclerosis].

A study was carried out to evaluate the value of high-frequency audiometry in stapes surgery in cases of otosclerosis. The hearing function was measured pre- and postoperatively by means of conventional and high-frequency audiometry (Demlar 20k). The operative findings of the gradation of otosclerosis were compared with the pre and postoperative audiometrical measurements. The results of this study point out that a clear relation exists between the preoperative high tone audiogram and the gradation of otosclerosis. In conclusion, we state that high-frequency audiometry can predict the state of stapes fixation in otosclerosis and that can be important in stapes surgery.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1977

[The reliability of audiometry based on conscious orientation of the hearing impaired child (author's transl)].

The authors present the audiometric procedure for hearing impaired children, which has been developed and performed routinely for some years by the Department of Audiology in the ENT-Clinic of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. Problems of children's audiometry are discussed. The procedure developed, is based on the children's conscious orientation to the source of sound which can regularly be registered especially in children of the age from 5 or 6 months to 3 or 4 years. The threshold provoking orientation is 45 to 50 dB (absolute). The results gained by the method described are compaired with those which were obtained 4 to 9 years later in 41 subjects suffering from heredodegenerative hearing loss. A coefficient of correlation r = 0.77 was found, indication a very near correlation of results for both procedures. When compaired to ERA, the test presented is simple to perform and is though to be very valuable for praxis. The orientation audiometry is more exact than the test of subjective audiometry and various procedures based on acoustical reflexes, too.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[High tone audiometry I. Dominant sidedness of hearing (author's transl)].

Tests for determining the dominant hearing ear by use of high tone audiometry (18 to 16 KHz) on 100 male and female "normal hearing" patients aged between 5 and 71 years of age demonstrated a relationship with whole body laterality (eye dominance, preferred tongue side, vocal cord asymmetry and hand and foot dominance). Right ear dominance was found in 62 of 85 right-handed individuals, whereas left ear dominance was found in only 3 of 10 left-handed individuals. In 5 with ambidexterity high tone audiometry failed to show any significant preference. High tone audiometry clearly clarifies cerebral hemisphere dominance and this auditory dominance can be utilized therapeutically as well as prognostically.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1978

[High tone audiometry. II. Clinical application (author's transl)].

High tone audiometry, which is the testing of the auditory threshold between 8 and 16 KHz, increases the clinical usefulness of pure tone audiometry. Specific patterns of audiograph were obtained from 100 children and adults with auditory dysfunction of varied cause. The clinical application of high tone audiometry as an audiological aid to specific diagnosis should be pursued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Respiration audiometry.

Since 1971 an impedance-plethysmographic method was been used to record changes in the breathing pattern of 218 high-risk infants during acoustic stimulation. The results of this technique, known as respiration audiometry, show that acoustically induced changes in the breathing pattern can be used as a hearing test for very young children. The results fall into four categories: excellent readability (45%), good readability (32%), readable (15%), not readable (8%). Respiration audiometry makes it possible in most cases to ascertain a child's hearing level. The neonatal period and early infancy are the ages best suited for investigations with respiration audiometry. The reliability of this method was found to be good.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1976

The cross-check principle in pediatric audiometry.

We discuss a method of pediatric audiologic assessment that employs the "cross-check principle". That is, the results of a single test are cross-checked by an independent test measure. Particularly useful in pediatric evaluations as cross-checks of behavioral test results are impedance audiometry and brain-stem-evoked response audiometry (BSER). We present five cases highlighting the value of the cross-check principle in pediatric audiologic evaluation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Brief-tone audiometry in pseudohypacusis.

Brief-tone audiometry was administered to two groups of listeners. The first group consisted of five sophisticated subjects with normal hearing, who were tested under normal and simulated hearing-loss conditions. The second group consisted of five patients with true pseudohypacusis. Results under simulated and true pseudohypacusic conditions were similar, but were different from those obtained from the normal listeners under normal conditions, which further extends the diagnostic value of brief-tone audiometry.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Speech audiometry in acoustic neuroma.

The importance of speech audiometry in cases of sensori-neural deafness has been stressed. Four cases have been described clearly elucidating this point. Speech audiometry is within the means of most practising otologists. The appropriate apparatus is not expensive, nor is the method excessively time-consuming. In acoustic neuroma the damage to the cochlear nerve fibres may produce very little reduction in the hearing threshold level for pure tones, but a disproportionately large reduction in the discrimination score, often when the tumour is large enough to be causing brain stem compression. The disproportion is an important indicator to the presence of retro-cochlear pathology, of which acoustic neuroma is the most likely cause, a diagnosis which must be considered in every case of unilateral sensori-neural deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Possibilities of assessing cerebrovascular disease by audiometry: Comparison with Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of extracranial vascular occlusion (author's transl)].

Discrimination loss in the speech-audiogram (one-syllable test) was tested on 61 patients with cerebrovascular disease due to extracranial vessel stenosis in the area of the carotid artery distribution. In 44 of the patients (extracranial vessel stenosis or occlusion) the results were compared with the carotid angiogram and Doppler ultrasonography. There was agreement between loss of discrimination, localisation by angiography, ultrasound results and the relevant clinical findings in 32 of 36 patients. In 17 patients audiometry was performed before and after surgical reconstruction of the internal carotid artery. Among 13 patients in whom the results could be assessed, discrimination improved postoperatively in 11 (at least 20% in six, at least 10% in five). The combination of ultrasound and audiometry can be used as a screening method in unclear cases to evaluate suspected cerebrovascular disease, simplify indications for carotid angiography, and used serially, follow any further development of the vascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Otologic history, audiometry and tympanometry as a case finding procedure for school screening.

An algorithm for identification of hearing loss and middle ear effusion based on otologic history, audiometry and tympanometry was designed and tested on 771 first grade school children. Each ear was profiled as being normal, at risk, or in need of otologic referral based on test-retest screening. In addition, each child was categorized on the basis of the worse ear. Results showed 57 percent of the children as being normal; otologic referral was indicated in 14 percent. The remaining children (29 percent) were at risk or at high risk. The combination of medical history, audiometry and tympanometry constitutes an excellent case finding procedure for screening the otologic status of young school children. Through the utilization of specific criteria, optimal referrals can be made, thereby providing better health care.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sound localization with phase audiometry.

A 500 Hz pure tone is presented binaurally with earphones. The tone is adjusted to give a midline impression at confortable loudness level. An electronic variable time delay line unit and a generator for randomizing the shift of the phase lag of the signal to the right or to the left ear, respectively, are used. By shortening the time delay the threshold of the recognition of the phase difference is reached. At every test sequence the tone is first presented in the center of the head without delay and then with delay. The patient runs the test by indicating in which ear the tone is heard. The phase difference is thus gradually reduced from 500 musec down to a threshold value of about 48 musec equal on right and left ears in normal-hearing subjects. The results of phase audiometry on subjects with normal hearing and with different types of hearing losses are in good agreement with the results of sound localization tests in free field. Phase audiometry seems to be of especial value in diagnosing retrocochlear lesions.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability of slow vertex response audiometry in young children with sensorineural hearing loss.

In order to supplement our previous report on the reliability and validity of slow vertex response (SVR) audiometry, the detectability of the response, the agreement among scorers and test-retest reliability were studied in 6 children aged 2-4 years who have sensorineural hearing loss of 60-75 dB for the test frequency (1 000 Hz). Mean percentage of positive response increased from 20.6 to 62.2% as stimulus intensity was increased from 60 to 80 dB. Such a sharp increase in the detectability of the response at a level of stimulus intensity close to the auditory threshold of the subjects was not observed in normal children. The results indicate that SVR audiometry is more reliable and valid in children with sensorineural hearing loss than in normal children.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

[Basis and clinical application of the "contingent negative variation" in "evoked response audiometry" (author's transl)].

After repeated stimulation with an indicative stimulus and a second imperative stimulus, a slow negative potential shife, the "Contingent Negative Variation" (CNV), can be recorded in the EEG before the second stimulus. On account of the main features of CNV two qualitative tests can be used in audiometry. "Tone-CNV" is an objective test of perception of a pure-tone. The indicative pure-tone is followed regularly by a second imperative stimulus, a flash of light or a slide. The appearance of CNV is the positive sign of perception, even if the "acoustically evoked potential" (AEP) is difficult to define. Adults and children (5 to 12 years) with normal hearing or suffering from several forms of hearing loss developed a CNV, except those patients with severe brain damage. The advantage of this method is the short testing time and accentuation of AEPs. The test can be also done under sedation. In "Objective Speech Audiometry", a proof of concept discrimination, only words of one concept are combined with a second imperative stimulus. The other group of words of the second concept remains "unreinforced". After correct discrimination all normal subjects developed a CNV before the second stimulus and after the "unreinforced" concept a "Discriminative Positive Variation" (DPV). Thus, this method can be used for clinical purposes. Loss of discrimination, perseveration phenomena and hemispheric differences were observed in aphasic patients.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

[Age-dependent electric response audiometry (ERA)-findings in correlation with speech development (author's transl)].

The occurrence of periods of speech-certainty and speech-uncertainty can be observed in normal as well as in children impaired with hearing, voice and speech defects. This behaviour of voice and speech development has not yet been explained by subjective pure-tone or speech audiometry. 19 normal children were grouped into four age populations according to electroglotto- and phonographic analysis. This collective was then examined by Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) at the frequencies of 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz, and 4.0 kHz. Speech-certainty was observed at a mean age of 4.5 years (Group II) and 6.5 years (Group IV), whereas speech-uncertainty was found at a mean age of 2.5 years (Group I) and 5.5 years (Group III). The supraliminal ERA results of contralteral pickup were evaluated in amplitude and in behaviour of latency. Because of the variety of ERA-characteristics, the age-dependent and frequency-specific development of the acoustic system is figured by integration below the characteristics in the supraliminal range. The mathematical result shows two opposite regions as well as the "hearing dynamic" as at the "dynamic of the behaviour of latency": a low-frequency region of 0.5 and 1.0 kHz and a high-frequency region of 2.0 and 4.0 kHz. Evaluation of the electroglottograms following Fourier's analysis shows a typical amplitude spectrum at speech-certainty and at speech-uncertainty.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Vocal audiometry: the "phonatome" recognition test. Principle, technique, initial results].

Whereas tonal audiometry makes it possible to analyze the elementary deficits of hearing, vocal audiometry enables an overall synthetic assessment of these deficits. The vocal material usually used is composed of lists of sentences, words, logatomes or even phonemes. The authors suggest resorting to lists of phonetically balanced phonatomes or diphonemes. Among the advantages this technique offers, are the rapidity of the test, the excellent representativity of the most informative acoustic components of speech and the elimination of the extralinguistic factors of speech recognition.

Audiometry, Speech↗