PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Behavior, Addictive”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Addictive behaviors and benzodiazepines: 1. Abuse liability and physical dependence.

A review of scientific and clinical evidence indicates: (1) benzodiazepines have an abuse liability and can cause physical dependence, (2) abuse liability is of a lower order of magnitude than that associated with common intoxicants such as barbiturates, opioids or stimulants, (3) sustained, exclusive use of benzodiazepines for inducing intoxication occurs but, it is infrequent, (4) benzodiazepines tend to be secondary drugs to a preferred primary intoxicant; in experimental paradigms normals prefer placebo to benzodiazepines, (5) susceptibility to physical dependence varies widely as low doses are sufficient to produce it in some but very high multiples are not sufficient to produce it in many others, (6) factors predisposing to physical dependence are: total lifetime dose, previous exposure to drugs cross-tolerant, such as alcohol or barbiturates, concomitant severe medical/psychiatric problems, and severe persisting stress. Individual susceptibility to abuse and to become dependent on benzodiazepines should be investigated much more vigorously than it has heretofore.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cue reactivity in addictive behaviors: theoretical and treatment implications.

Several learning theory based models propose that substance users may have conditioned reactions to stimuli (cues) associated with substance use and that these reactions may increase the probability of relapse. The conditioned withdrawal, conditioned compensatory response, and appetitive motivational models were evaluated in light of empirical evidence from cue reactivity studies with alcoholics, smokers, opiate users, and cocaine users. The nature of the stimuli that elicit reactivity and the nature of the responses elicited are most consistent with an appetitive motivational model and do not appear to support the other two models. A few studies have been conducted or are underway that investigate the use of cue exposure with response prevention as a treatment to decrease cue reactivity. Preliminary work with alcoholics, opiate users and cocaine users is promising but insufficient evidence exists to evaluate this approach. The implications for theory and treatment are discussed.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

Addictive behaviors and benzodiazepines: 2. Are there differences between benzodiazepines in potential for physical dependence and abuse liability?

This paper examines data on the question of possible differences between benzodiazepines in abuse liability and potential for causing physical dependence. The data on potential for causing physical dependence indicates that all benzodiazepines cause physical dependence and there is little evidence for substantial differences between them in this respect. The evidence for substantive differences between benzodiazepines with respect to abuse liability is reviewed: problems with methodology and with definitions make problematic the assertion of some authors that there are clinically meaningful differences in abuse liability. There is general agreement that all benzodiazepines have at least some abuse liability.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1990

Computer-assisted drug prevention.

Although the psychological treatment of addiction is premised on the notion that addictive behavior is learned behavior, addiction workers have been slow to exploit the capacity of the computer to promote new learning. The best computer-assisted learning programs are fully adaptive; their design anticipates the responses a user can make, classifies them, and provides feedback for each. This paper reports on two recent attempts to achieve this level of sophistication in computer-assisted drug prevention. One program seeks to prevent heroin relapse among currently abstinent prisoners, and the other promotes controlled drinking in alcohol abusers. Given the fact that most drug users can be expected to opt for self-help materials over the offer of formal therapy, and that most (licit) drug users who solve their addiction problems do so without recourse to professional help anyway, the use of computer-assisted drug prevention programs like these provides an important new direction in substance abuse treatment.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review.

Animal data indicate that serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behavior, addictive behavior, temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behavior. Moreover, there is evidence that abnormalities of 5-HT functions are related to the pathophysiology of diverse neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, dystonia, Huntington's disease, familial tremor, restless legs syndrome, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and dementia. The psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, mania, depression, aggressive and self-injurious behavior, obsessive compulsive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, hypersexuality, anxiety disorders, bulimia, childhood hyperactivity, and behavioral disorders in geriatric patients have been linked to impaired central 5-HT functions. Tryptophan, the natural amino acid precursor in 5-HT biosynthesis, increases 5-HT synthesis in the brain and, therefore, may stimulate 5-HT release and function. Since it is a natural constituent of the diet, tryptophan should have low toxicity and produce few side effects. Based on these advantages, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders with variable success. This review summarizes current clinical use of tryptophan supplementation in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Dopamine↗
PubMed1987

Similarity of behavior within addict couples. Part II. Addiction-related variables.

The similarity of behavioral patterns within addict couples before, during, and after a relationship is the focus of this paper. The correlations between partners in real and artificially constructed (pseudo) couples for employment, criminal activities, and other behaviors are examined. The effect of a relationship on behavior is also assessed before, during, and after treatment. Significant correlations during real relationships were found for employment, welfare, and illegal income. Joint couple entry into treatment appears to be more effective for women than men. Similarity within couples disappears when the relationship ends.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of incest issues in relapse.

Comprehensive studies have established that relapse is the most common outcome of recovery programs treating addictive behaviors. This article examines the fact that relapse is often related to uncovering painful early childhood incest experiences that have been defended against through self-destructive addictive behaviors. Another aspect of relapse is the phenomenon of multiaddictions: withdrawal from an identified addictive behavior will often lead to the unmasking of other addictive behaviors. The phenomenon of cross-addiction is widely acknowledged in the addictions field, but the connection between cross-addiction and relapse needs to be more fully explored. This article focuses on the following points: (1) addictive behaviors may serve to defend against memories of sexual abuse; (2) unidentified incest material may precipitate relapse or result from relapse, and therefore must be considered as a possible component of treatment in recovery--indications for treatment in terms of 12-Step recovery in conjunction with therapy are explored; (3) relapse may indicate the existence of additional addictions that must be identified and explored in order for recovery to proceed; and (4) sex and love addiction is often found in conjunction with alcoholism, codependency and compulsive overeating, and often comes to light through the emergence of incest memories. The identification and treatment of this hidden addiction (i.e., sex and love addiction) will determine the extent and depth of recovery.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Drug abuse, dependence, and addiction in chronic pain patients.

It is claimed that a significant percentage of chronic pain patients suffer from drug/alcohol abuse/dependency/addiction. To address this question, 24 articles alluding to chronic pain patient drug/alcohol dependence/addiction were reviewed according to the following criteria: method for drug misuse diagnosis, which drug misuse diagnosis used (abuse, dependence, or addiction), and percentage of patients within each diagnostic category of drug misuse. The result of the review indicated that only seven studies utilized acceptable diagnostic criteria and/or definitions for the drug misuse diagnoses and gave percentages of drug misuse. Within these seven studies, the prevalence percentages for the diagnoses for drug abuse, drug dependence, and drug addiction were in the range of 3.2-18.9%. It is concluded that these diagnoses occur in a significant percentage of chronic pain patients. However, there is little evidence in these studies that addictive behaviors are common within the chronic pain population.

Behavior, Addictive↗