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Results for “Body Mass Index”

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PubMed2026

Probiotic supplementation improves body composition, lipid profiles, and fatty acid metabolism in combat sports athletes during the weight reduction phase.

PURPOSE: Pre-competition weight control for combat sports athletes may alter body composition and fatty acid metabolism. Probiotics have shown potential to regulate overall metabolism; however, their specific effects on fatty acid metabolism during weight control in athletes remain unclear. METHODS: Thirty-two combat sports athletes participating in the 4-week weight reduction period were assigned to either the probiotic group (Group E) or the placebo group (Group C). Body composition, lipid profiles, and fatty acid metabolism were measured before and after the 4-week weight reduction phase. RESULTS: All the athletes experienced a decrease in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass following the 4-week weight loss intervention. Notably, a more significant reduction in body fat percentage (p < 0.05) was observed, along with lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), specifically in Group E. Weight loss intervention resulted in increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), specifically acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Notably, Group E exhibited higher mean values for SCFAs compared to Group C (p < 0.05). Additionally, the serum levels of γ-linolenic acid and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid were significantly reduced in Group E (p < 0.05). In contrast, the majority of free fatty acids (FFAs) showed significant increases, with greater magnitudes of change observed in Group C (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplementation can improve body composition, enhance SCFAs levels, and decrease circulating FFAs in combat sports athletes, suggesting that probiotics may have a beneficial impact on pre-competition weight management. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: chiCTR2400079908 (Reg Date:2024-01-16).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A 12-week, double-blind, quasi-randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Coleus forskohlii (Forcslim) on body weight loss.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity have emerged as a global epidemic, significantly impacting human health. Traditional usage and growing scientific evidence suggest that Coleus forskohlii extract (Forcslim) may aid in reducing excess body weight and fat. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Forcslim supplementation in overweight individuals. METHODS: A quasi-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 overweight subjects aged 20-70 years over a period of 12 weeks. The participants were assigned to receive either Forcslim or placebo. The key outcome measures included body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and anthropometric parameters. Additionally, lipid profile parameters and safety markers (including metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular indicators) were assessed throughout the study duration. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo group, the Forcslim group showed significant reductions in waist circumference (-1.83 cm; p < 0.01) and body weight (-1.93 kg; p < 0.001). Significant improvements in anthropometric parameters were observed exclusively in the Forcslim group. Furthermore, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels showed a significant increase (p = 0.001). No clinically significant changes were observed in metabolic markers, liver and muscle enzyme levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or reported adverse effects, indicating a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: Forcslim demonstrated significant anti-obesity effects, including reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and improvements in the lipid profile. These findings suggest that C. forskohlii extract supplementation may serve as a safe and effective alternative to synthetic anti-obesity drugs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Body mass index-specific nanoparticle protein corona signatures in late pregnancy.

The protein corona (PC) formed on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) upon exposure to human biofluids is a dynamic interface that reflects the physiological and pathological status of the host. In this study, we investigated how the maternal body mass index (BMI) influences the composition of the NPs' PC during late pregnancy. Polystyrene NPs were incubated with plasma samples collected from third-trimester pregnant individuals across normal weight, overweight, and obese BMI categories. Comprehensive characterization using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed BMI-dependent differences in PC thickness and colloidal stability. SDS-PAGE and label-free quantitative proteomics revealed distinct molecular compositions: PCs from obese individuals were enriched in inflammatory and lipid metabolism-associated proteins (e.g., APOE and CRP), while normal weight-derived PCs showed higher levels of complementary regulators and extracellular matrix proteins. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated clear clustering of proteomic profiles by the BMI group, suggesting BMI-specific PC fingerprints. These findings indicate that the maternal metabolic phenotype shapes nano-bio interactions at the proteomic level and highlight the potential of PC profiling as a non-invasive approach for assessing maternal health and metabolic status. This work lays the foundation for integrating NP-based proteomics into precision nanomedicine for maternal-fetal health monitoring.

Female↗

PubMed2026

A two-center randomized clinical superiority trial of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: SASSY study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass is a novel metabolic bariatric surgery intended to enhance metabolic outcomes and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Although preliminary outcome data for single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass are promising, evidence from adequately powered, randomized head-to-head comparisons is scarce. This trial compares the efficacy and safety of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy in patients with class II obesity (body mass index = 35.0-39.9 kg/m²) with at least one obesity‑related comorbidity or class III obesity (body mass index ⩾40.0 kg/m²). METHODS: This two-center randomized clinical superiority trial enrolls patients eligible for metabolic bariatric surgery at two specialized Norwegian centers. Included patients are randomly assigned (1:1) to either single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass or sleeve gastrectomy with standardized perioperative treatment and care. The primary endpoint is the between-group difference in change in body mass index from baseline to 2 years after single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy. Secondary endpoints include additional weight loss outcomes, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, surgical and postoperative complications, obesity-related comorbidities, nutritional status, bone mineral density, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and rates of revisional and conversion surgery. All endpoints will be evaluated at 2 and 5 years after surgery. Statistical analyses utilize linear mixed models and analysis of covariance within an intention-to-treat framework. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide high-level evidence with robust and comparative outcome data on single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, aiming to clarify the clinical utility of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass and inform surgical practice. Findings will address gaps in medium- and long-term evidence regarding weight loss, safety, comorbidity resolution, and quality of life following single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Relation of body weight to development of ischemic heart disease in a cohort of young North American men after a 26 year observation period: the Manitoba Study.

The role of overweight as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease remains controversial. Therefore, in the Manitoba Study of a cohort of 3,983 men with a mean age at entry of 30.8 years, initial measurements of body weight, represented by body mass index (weight/height2), were compared with the 26 year incidence of ischemic heart disease. After adjustment for the effects of age and blood pressure in univariate and multivariate analysis, body mass index was a significant predictor of the 390 cases of ischemic heart disease. To elucidate this relation further, the cohort was further analyzed after categorization by age at entry, time of occurrence of disease after entry and manifestation of ischemic heart disease. The association with weight was most apparent in men less than 40 years of age and was not evident until 16 years of follow-up. A high body mass index was significantly associated with development of myocardial infarction, sudden death and coronary insufficiency or suspected myocardial infarction; the relation was strongest with sudden death. Among men who had a myocardial infarction, body mass index was more strongly associated with sudden death and was the best predictor of myocardial infarction occurring after 20 years of observation. Thus, after adjustment for the effect of age and blood pressure, overweight is a definite risk factor but primarily in younger men, after long periods of observation and for certain manifestations of ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Single-Cell Transcriptome-Wide Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Uncover Potential Immunocytes-Related Therapeutic Targets for Obesity.

Weight-loss treatment is crucial for individuals with obesity to prevent various complications. The role of Immune cells in obesity has been recently recognized, whereas its translation into therapy requires identifying key target genes. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess causal relationships between expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of 14 immune cells and obesity-related traits (obesity, body mass index and body fat percentage), and validated the results in colocalization analysis. For the putative causal genes identified by the MR and colocalization analyses, we conducted pathway enrichment, differential expressed gene (DEG) analysis and search of druggable evidence, and utilized a Tier system to prioritize drug targets for obesity. MR and colocalization evidence was observed for 1630 genes associated with one or more obesity-related traits, mainly expressed in CD4+ naive/central memory T cells and enriched in antigen processing and presentation pathways. Forty-one genes showed causal relationship with all three outcomes, among which 19 genes have not been reported for obesity previously. DEG analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing data of blood or adipose tissue indicated that the differential expression of UBE2Z in monocytes, ZCCHC7 in T cells, and FNBP4 in B cells between lean and obese individuals were consistent with the MR results. By searching drug-gene interaction databases, we found targeted drugs for PYGB and PRUNE1, and PYGB was the top gene ranked in the Tier system. This study provides evidence for the involvement of immune cells in obesity, and the potential cell-specific, immune-related targets for obesity treatment.

Obesity↗

PubMed2026

Association Between Metabolic Parameters and FTO Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase (FTO), Transcription Factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), and Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 11 (SLC16A11) Alleles in Mexican Children and Adolescents.

Rs9939609 marker in FTO Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase (FTO) gene, rs7895307 in Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, and rs75493593 in Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 11 (SLC16A11) gene have been associated with anthropometric, metabolic, and clinical variables, but have not been concurrently studied in Mexican children and adolescents with adiposity or mental disorders. In this cross-sectional association study, we genotyped these markers by means of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction in two at-risk pediatric cohorts recruited in Mexico City. Group 1 (n = 175) comprised children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Group 2 (n = 296) consisted of non-medicated adolescents meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or a mood disorder. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index -BMI-, waist circumference, body fat percentage), metabolic indices (fasting glucose, lipid profile, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), and psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated. In Group 1, the FTO A allele (genotypes AA/AT) was significantly associated with severe obesity according to BMI Z scores (p = 0.004, O.R. 3.33, 95% CI [1.42-7.77]), and it was a predictor of waist circumference (B = 6.16, 95% CI [1.78-10.55], p = 0.006) and muscle percentage (B = 4.21%, 95% CI [0.91-7.51%], p = 0.013) using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. In Group 2, TCF7L2 AA genotype was associated with increased odds of depression (B = 0.83, p = 0.003, OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.32-3.96]). While SLC16A11 G allele showed a possible association with insulin resistance or glucose levels, confirmation is needed. These exploratory results highlight the need for larger, well characterized cohort studies to confirm the associations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Weight and metabolic changes in patients with schizophrenia treated with paliperidone palmitate 6-month formulation versus paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation: a post-hoc analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect that paliperidone palmitate 6-month long-acting injectable formulation (PP6M) had on metabolic parameters including body weight (BW), and blood lipid profiles, a post-hoc analysis was conducted to assess changes in BW from baseline to the end of study based on age, body mass index (BMI), and changes in blood lipid profiles during a 12-month, phase 3, double-blind (DB) clinical study. Long term effects of PP6M on BW and BMI were further explored during a 24-month extension study in which participants were treated exclusively with PP6M. METHOD: In the 12-month DB phase, participants were randomized to receive PP6M or paliperidone palmitate 3-month long-acting injectable formulation (PP3M). The mean change in BW and abnormal weight percent change from baseline were calculated at endpoint by age, gender, and BMI. Additionally, treatment-emergent shifts from baseline for the four key lipid parameters (fasting low density lipoprotein [LDL], fasting triglycerides [TG], fasting total cholesterol [TC], and fasting high density lipoprotein [HDL]) during DB were assessed. Following this study, participants were given the opportunity to transition to a 24-month extension study and be treated with PP6M. The mean change and percent change in BW, and the mean change in BMI from DB baseline to the end of the extension study (36 months total) were calculated. RESULTS: Participants who were treated with PP6M showed numerically less weight gain, BMI, waist circumference, and more weight decrease compared to PP3M group during 12-month DB phase, though the proportion of participants reporting an abnormal change (≥7% change) in BW did not significantly differ between PP3M and PP6M. The weight differences were more pronounced in the younger age group (18-25 years) and those who were overweight (BMI: 25 to <30 kg/m2. Numerical differences in favor of PP6M were found in fasting blood lipids (HDL, LDL, TG, and TC). The changes in BW and BMI over time remained consistent throughout the 24-month extension, favoring PP6M in each instance. CONCLUSIONS: This post-hoc analysis demonstrated that PP6M was comparable to PP3M in terms of metabolic parameters; however, it may have a beneficial effect on weight gain, especially in young patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Post-Hoc Analysis of Studies NCT03345342 and NCT04072575 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Significant outcomes The findings from this study have highlighted that participants who were treated with the 6-month long-acting injectable formulation of paliperidone exhibited less weight gain during treatment overall, and significantly less weight gain in adolescents and young adults. Importantly, this trend continued over the course of long-term treatment, regardless of age. Participants treated with the 6-month formulation also had fewer shifts in blood lipids outside of the normal range and had more favorable changes in body mass index and waist circumference. These results suggest that when considering metabolic dysregulation as a factor in choosing a long-acting injectable antipsychotic, the 6-month formulation is a viable alternative to the 3-month formulation, particularly in younger patients with schizophrenia. Limitations Because this is a post hoc analysis and the study was not powered to test weight and metabolic changes, most endpoints were summarized descriptively and the statistical test was limited to the main endpoint (abnormal percent weight gain and loss).

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Bidirectional shifts in Pm20d1 expression impact thermogenesis and metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1) is a secreted N-fatty acyl amino synthase and hydrolase that controls tissue and blood levels of N-fatty acyl amino acids. In brown adipocytes, N-fatty acyl amino acids bind to mitochondria and act as uncouplers of mitochondria, independent of UCP1. Interventions aimed at increasing or inhibiting PM20D1 expression considerably impact energy balance and metabolism; however, little is known about naturally occurring variants of the PM20D1/Pm20d1 gene and their impact on phenotype. METHODS: In vivo, gene expression of Pm20d1 in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Ucp1 KO in brown adipose tissue and other metabolic tissues was measured. In vitro, transcriptional activity of Pm20d1 and brown adipocytes' oxygen consumption in primary culture were assessed. Human PM20D1 circulating levels were quantified. In silico analysis of the Pm20d1 gene sequencing and human polymorphisms associated with PM20D1 was performed. RESULTS: Here, we identified a gain-of-function variant in the Pm20d1 promoter region present in BALB/c mice and absent in C57BL/6 mice. The presence of this variant is accompanied by increased expression of Pm20d1 in brown and white adipose tissues, muscle, liver, and hypothalamus; moreover, it leads to increased cold tolerance and UCP1-independent brown adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of Pm20d1 in brown adipose tissue results in defective cold tolerance in BALB/c, whereas the brown adipose tissue overexpression of Pm20d1 results in increased cold tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. In humans, variants of the PM20D1 gene are associated with changes in body mass index, whereas at least one variant in the promoter region is associated with increased body mass index and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Thus, PM20D1 plays a bidirectional role in regulating thermogenesis and body mass, and, at least in part, variants in the promoter region can partially explain the differences in PM20D1 expression and its impact on the metabolic phenotype.

Thermogenesis↗

PubMed2026

Genetic overlap between depression and C-reactive protein levels: Evidence from a cross-trait analysis.

Inflammation and depression have been consistently associated, with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels observed in a significant subset of affected individuals. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood. We integrated results from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression and CRP levels in a cross-trait analysis specifically focusing on identifying horizontally pleiotropic loci. Identified variants were stratified as concordant versus discordant based on their direction of effects on the two traits and followed up using functional annotation, gene set enrichment, and colocalization analyses. We also explored causal relationships using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with extensive sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for body mass index (BMI). We identified 9 novel loci. Functional analyses revealed that concordant loci were enriched in genes linked to immune and inflammatory processes, while discordant loci mostly mapped to metabolic pathways, including lipid regulation. MR provided strong evidence for body mass index driving a causal relationship between the genetic liability of depression on CRP levels. Our findings suggest that the association between depression and CRP levels is partly driven by shared genetic influences, pointing to different biological pathways depending on whether genetic effects are concordant or discordant. These results underscore the importance of considering effect direction when assessing the genetic overlap between depression and inflammatory processes. In addition, they highlight BMI as a key factor in the causal relationship between depression and systemic inflammation.

C-Reactive Protein↗

PubMed2022

Mortality Among Patients With Early-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and Rare Variants in Cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmia Genes.

IMPORTANCE: Patients with early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) are enriched for rare variants in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia genes. The clinical significance of these rare variants in patients with early-onset AF is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between rare variants in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia genes detected in patients with early-onset AF and time to death. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study included participants with AF diagnosed before 66 years of age who underwent whole-genome sequencing through the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program. Participants were enrolled from November 23, 1999, to June 2, 2015. Data were analyzed from February 26 to September 19, 2021. EXPOSURES: Rare variants identified in a panel of 145 genes that are included in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia panels used by commercial clinical genetic testing laboratories. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary study outcome was time to death and was adjudicated from medical records and the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of disease-associated variants with risk of death after adjustment for age at AF diagnosis, sex, race, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and an interaction term of age at AF diagnosis and disease-associated variant status. RESULTS: Among 1293 participants (934 [72%] male; median age at enrollment, 56.0 years; IQR, 48.0-61.0 years), disease-associated (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) rare variants were found in 131 (10%). During a median follow-up of 9.9 years (IQR, 6.9-13.2 years), 219 participants (17%) died. In univariable analysis, disease-associated variants were associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio, [HR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1; P = .05); the association remained significant in multivariable modeling when adjusted for age at AF diagnosis, sex, race, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, and an interaction term between disease-associated variant status and age at AF diagnosis. The interaction demonstrated that disease-associated variants were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with no disease-associated variant when AF was diagnosed at a younger age (P = .008 for interaction). Higher body mass index (per IQR: HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6; P < .001) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (per IQR: HR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.8; P < .001) were associated with higher mortality risk. There were 73 cardiomyopathy-related deaths, 40 sudden deaths, and 10 stroke-related deaths. Mortality among patients with the most prevalent genes with disease-associated variants was 26% (10 of 38 patients) for TTN, 33% (6 of 18) for MYH7, 22% (2 of 9) for LMNA, 0% (0 of 10) for MYH6, and 0% (0 of 8) for KCNQ1. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings suggest that rare variants in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia genes may be associated with increased risk of mortality among patients with early-onset AF, especially those diagnosed at a younger age. Genetic testing may provide important prognostic information for patients with early-onset AF.

Atrial Fibrillation↗

PubMed2026

Empagliflozin and functional aerobic capacity in individuals with increased risk of heart failure: The Empire Prevent Cardiac trial.

BACKGROUND: Higher maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) is associated with lower risk of developing heart failure (HF). Empagliflozin improves VO2 max in HF with reduced ejection fraction, but the effect on VO2 max in individuals at risk of HF remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 180 days treatment with empagliflozin compared to placebo on VO2 max, daily physical activity level, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with overweight or obesity and risk of HF. METHOD: This investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial included elderly individuals with body mass index >28 kg/m2 and at least one additional risk factor for HF, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, or chronic kidney disease. Individuals with HF or type 2 diabetes mellitus were excluded. The primary endpoint was the mean difference in change of VO2 max. The secondary outcome was objectively measured physical activity level. QoL was an explorative outcome. RESULTS: Among 191 randomized individuals (94 empagliflozin, 97 placebo), 89% had hypertension and 66% ischemic heart disease. At baseline, 69% were male, median age was 68 years, median body mass index 31.9 kg/m², mean left ventricular ejection fraction 65 ± 9%, and mean VO₂ max 18.1 ± 4.3 mL/min/kg. Empagliflozin did not change VO2 max with an estimated treatment difference of -0.2 mL/min/kg (97.5% confidence interval -1.2 to 0.8), adjusted P = 1.00. No significant treatment differences were observed for neither daily physical activity nor QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Empagliflozin did not affect VO2 max, physical activity level, or QoL in elderly individuals with overweight or obesity and risk of HF.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

CT-Derived pelvic morphometry for preoperative risk assessment of recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent inguinal hernia remains a significant challenge in abdominal wall surgery despite advances in mesh-based repair techniques and minimally invasive approaches. Although pelvic skeletal morphology has been implicated in inguinal hernia development, its association with recurrent disease remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate computed tomography (CT)-derived pelvic morphometric parameters and investigate their potential value in preoperative recurrence risk assessment. METHODS: This retrospective study included 251 male patients with preoperative abdominal CT examinations and complete clinical records who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair at a tertiary referral center. After applying the predefined eligibility criteria, 188 patients with unilateral inguinal hernias constituted the primary study cohort, including 162 primary and 26 recurrent unilateral hernias. The Radoievitch angle and Ami's line were measured independently by two blinded radiology residents using a standardized CT-based pelvic morphometric measurement protocol, and the mean values were used for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the association between pelvic morphometric parameters and recurrent inguinal hernia. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent unilateral inguinal hernias demonstrated significantly greater affected-side Ami's line measurements (8.27 ± 0.63 vs. 7.90 ± 0.71 cm, p = 0.014) and larger Radoievitch angles (40.68 ± 4.02° vs. 38.80 ± 3.68°, p = 0.018) than patients with primary unilateral hernias. Both the Radoievitch angle (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28, p = 0.033) and Ami's line (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.14-4.49, p = 0.020) remained independently associated with recurrent inguinal hernia after adjustment for age and body mass index. ROC analysis demonstrated modest discriminatory performance (AUC 0.634 for the Radoievitch angle and 0.633 for Ami's line), while the multivariable model incorporating age, body mass index, and Ami's line showed slightly improved discrimination (AUC 0.655). CONCLUSION: CT-derived pelvic morphometric parameters were independently associated with recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia. Although their individual discriminatory performance was modest, standardized CT-based pelvimetry may serve as an objective adjunctive tool for individualized preoperative recurrence risk assessment in patients who already undergo CT imaging for unrelated clinical indications. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and determine their clinical applicability.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

The association of obesity with socioeconomic factors in Missouri.

The prevalence of obesity and underweight was estimated for residents of Missouri more than 9 years old on the basis of age, sex, household income, educational attainment, and population density from the results of a survey conducted in 1973. The incidence of overweight was greatest among children 10 to 16 years old and the least for adults 17 to 35 years old. Four percent of the girls 10 to 16 were greater than 159% of average weight for height. Among women greater than 59 years old the incidence of overweight and underweight were high. The proportion of adult women who were overweight as defined by average weight for height and body mass index (W/H2) was inversely related to household income and education. The same was true for adult men in relation to income but the reverse results were observed for education. A larger proportion of urban men were overweight as defined by body mass index compared to rural men. The incidence of obesity among males of all ages and females greater than 59 years old appeared to be related to residence in specific types of communities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Genetic Determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Taiwanese Population: A Genome-Wide Association Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity contributes to systemic disease burden and premature mortality worldwide. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) improves health outcomes; however, its genetic determinants, particularly in Asian populations, remain unclear. This study aimed to identify genetic loci associated with LTPA in the Taiwanese population. METHODS: We conducted genome-wide association studies in 122,258 Taiwan Biobank participants. LTPA was assessed both as a binary trait (regular exerciser vs non-exerciser) and an ordinal trait (categorized by MET-hours per week into low, moderate, and high physical activity levels). Logistic and ordinal logistic regression models were used under an additive genetic model, adjusting for age, age 2 , sex, body mass index, smoking, and the first 10 genetic principal components. Candidate nonsynonymous mutations were further examined in 1494 whole-genome sequenced participants. RESULTS: Binary trait genome-wide association studies identified genome-wide significant (GWS) loci at ATXN2 (12q24.12), FTO (16q12.2), and NOTCH4 (6p21.32), with associations for FTO and NOTCH4 only observed in body mass index (BMI)-adjusted models. Ordinal trait analysis (<10, 10-<20, ≥20 MET·h·wk -1 ) identified a single GWS locus at BRAP (12q24.12). Fine-mapping of 12q24.12 revealed multiple GWS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in strong linkage disequilibrium with lead variants; these signals largely disappeared after conditional analysis, consistent with a single underlying association. Whole-genome sequencing and linkage disequilibrium analysis identified three GWS nonsynonymous mutations, with ALDH2 rs671 emerging as the most likely causal variant. CONCLUSIONS: ATXN2-ALDH2 region on chromosome 12q24.12 was identified as a key locus for LTPA in Taiwanese individuals. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of physical activity and may inform future precision medicine and public health strategies.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Genomic meta-analyses of binge-eating behavior and anorexia nervosa yield insights into the unique and shared biology of eating disorder phenotypes.

Eating disorders-including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder-are clinically distinct but exhibit symptom overlap and diagnostic crossover. Genomic analyses have mostly examined AN. Here we conducted a genomic meta-analysis of case-control studies of binge-eating behavior (BE; 39,279 cases, 1,227,436 controls), alongside analyses of AN (24,223 cases, 1,243,971 controls) and its subtypes (all European ancestries). We identified six BE-associated loci, including loci associated with a higher body mass index and impulse-control behaviors. AN genome-wide association studies yielded eight loci, validating six loci. Subsequent polygenic risk score analysis demonstrated an association with AN in two East Asian ancestry studies. BE and AN exhibited similar positive genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders but opposing genetic correlations with anthropometric traits. Most of the genetic signal in BE and AN was not shared with body mass index. We have extended eating disorder genomics beyond AN; future work will incorporate multiple diagnoses and global ancestries.

Behavioural genetics↗

PubMed2026

Age is Just a Number: Outcomes of Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repair in Octogenarians.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair has become increasingly popular in high-risk populations as a relatively low-risk, minimally invasive surgical option. As life expectancy rises, more octogenarians are being considered for surgery despite age-related comorbidities. However, data on the safety and efficacy of robotic repair in this population are limited. This single-center retrospective study evaluates postoperative outcomes and complications after robotic hiatal hernia repair in octogenarians. METHODS: Patients aged ≥80 years who underwent repair between 2017 and 2024 were propensity score-matched in a 1:3 ratio to those <80 years based on sex, body mass index, hernia type, and surgery type. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess differences in hospital stay and postoperative outcomes, with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients underwent robotic hiatal hernia repair, including 78 patients aged ≥80 years and 224 aged <80 years. The ≥80 group had a median age of 83 years compared with 69 years (P < .001), with no differences in sex, body mass index, hernia, or surgery type. There were no significant differences in total hospital hours (30 vs 31, P = .11), postoperative events (5.4% vs 7.7%, P = .42), or 30-day readmissions (2.2% vs 5.1%, P = 24). No mortality was observed in either group. Age was not a significant factor for postoperative events on multivariable regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical outcomes did not differ significantly between patients aged ≥80 and <80 years who underwent robot-assisted hiatal hernia repair. Elective robotic-assisted hiatal hernia repair is safe in carefully selected octogenarians.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Oro-esophageal feeding for tracheostomized patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study reports the clinical effects of intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) versus nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) on nutritional status, aspiration pneumonia, decannulation, and level of consciousness in tracheostomized patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2024 and October 2025 in China and included tracheostomized patients with sTBI. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the intervention and control groups for 28-day interventions. IOE or NGT was used for nutritional supports, respectively. The primary outcome was nutritional status, including hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin and body mass index. The secondary outcomes included aspiration pneumonia, decannulation, and level of consciousness assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Generalized linear mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations, and Cox regression were used for data analyze. RESULTS: A total of 104 participants were included in the analysis. After intervention, significant interaction effects were observed in hemoglobin (β = 5.272, 95% CI: 2.707, 7.837), albumin (β = 3.675, 95% CI: 1.854, 5.496), prealbumin (β = 11.835, 95% CI: 6.623, 17.047), body mass index (β = 1.719, 95% CI: 0.868, 2.569), the GCS (β = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.572, 1.390), and aspiration pneumonia (OR= 0.304, 95% CI: 0.133, 0.693). The Cox model revealed that group significantly influenced the decannulation outcomes [HR (95% CI) =5.556 (3.197, 9.657), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: In tracheostomized patients with sTBI who received routine treatment, IOE is more conducive to decannulation and the improvement in nutritional status, aspiration pneumonia, and level of consciousness than NGT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06328985, 03/18/2024, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06328985).

Humans↗