[Weight loss of obese patients and fatigue. Study of muscular performance and weight changes].
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Body Weight↗
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Nutrient flow and weight change in grazing cattle.
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Animal Feed↗
Temperature acclimation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): biochemical and organ weight changes.
1. Adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were acclimated to 5 +/- 1, 24 +/- 1 and 34 +/- 1 degrees C for 6-8 weeks. 2. Body weights of temperature acclimated gerbils did not differ significantly from controls. Organ wt/body wt ratios of liver, kidney and heart increased in cold-acclimated and decreased in heat-acclimated gerbils. Adrenal wt/body wt ratio increased in the cold and was unchanged in the heat. Relative weights of brain, spleen, lungs, brown fat and ovaries + uterus did not change with temperature acclimation. 3. Cold acclimation produced significant increases in specific and total activity of brown fat alpha GPO and liver SO and AAO and in total activity of kidney SO; a significant decrease in liver mitochondrial ADP/O ratio with succinate as substrate; and no change in brown fat SO or liver alpha KGO. 4. Heat acclimation produced significant decreases in specific and total activity of liver and kidney SO, and in total activity of brown fat SO and alpha GPO, and liver AAO and alpha KGO. 5. The combined biochemical and organ wt changes seen in temperature-acclimated gerbils suggest that this species is capable of altering its metabolic thermogenic potential in response to a wide range of ambient temperatures.
Acclimatization↗
Hyperbaric oxygen in burn management: a controlled study.
Using the methods and protocol outlined, we have found that hyperbaric oxygen functions as a mild antiseptic agent and provides no advantage in the treatment of full-thickness and partial-thickness burns, alone or in combination with topical treatment with silver sulfadiazine. No effects were observed on metabolic balance in the postburn state determined by percentage of weight change, the time to complete healing in partial-thickness burns or the rate of eschar separation and vascular proliferation in granulation tissue formation in full-thickness burns.
Animals↗
Nutritionally-induced alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism and thermogenesis.
Serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is increased by overnutrition and decreased by starvation. The production rate of T3 was increased by overfeeding (82%), but T4 production did not change. Feeding a weight maintenance diet with high CHO mimiced serum T3 and rT3 changes of overfeeding, substitution of CHO by FAT those of starvation. VO2 increased during overfeeding and in T4 equilibrated volunteers supplemented with 40 microgram T3 daily for 2 weeks. No weight change occurred in the latter subjects. Yet no decrease in VO2 was found when serum T3 was reduced by the administration of iopanoic acid. VO2 decreased during starvation in normal and hypothyroid rats, and in hypothyroid animals replaced with T4 or T3.
Animals↗
Individual factors influencing the response to a beta-adrenergic blocking agent given alone and in combination with a diuretic on arterial hypertension.
103 patients with arterial hypertension were treated with timolol + placebo for 7 weeks in a multicentre trial, and with timolol + hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride for a further 7-week period. The decrease in blood pressure (BP) produced by timolol alone was influenced neither by the dose of timolol, initial heart rate, magnitude of pretreatment BP nor by age. 64% of the patients less than 40 years of ages, and 48% of the older patients, were well regulated on beta-blocker monotherapy. When the diuretic was given in addition, the BP response in the older age group improved, whereas younger patients showed no change. A significant correlation was found between age or magnitude of untreated BP and the decrease in BP caused by the diuretic. The cardiothoracic ratio increased significantly on timolol alone, whereas no change was found on the combined therapy. Weight changes in the two different treatment periods showed a significant correlation, but they were not related to the observed reduction in BP. The results suggest that in younger patients, beta-blocker therapy is just as effective as a combined treatment with a diuretic, whereas in older patients considerably better regulation is achieved by combined therapy.
Adult↗
The ferret, Mustela putorius furo, as a new species in toxicology.
Comprehensive studies on the haematology, urine chemistry, serum chemistry and gross pathology have been carried out and reported. Seasonal weight changes were confirmed and were initiated, together with sexual activity, when ferrets were brought in to a constant temperature (18-19 degrees C) and 14-hour daylight cycle during the winter months. Levels of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and haematocrit were higher than in most common laboratory species. Similarly, serum electrolytes and glucose levels were higher than in Wistar rats or beagle dogs. Ovaries, uteri and testes displayed a seasonal maturation and atrophy. All other parameters were similar to common laboratory species.
Animals↗
Infant blood pressure and heart rate: relation to ethnic group (black or white), nutrition and electrolyte intake.
Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep in 392 full-term newborns and in 318 of these infants at age six months. Two-day records of food intake were collected at age six months for 150 infants. Black babies did not differ substantially in BP from white babies either at birth or at six months. The earliest BP tracking was from age six to 15 months (systolic (SBP): r = .29, p less than .001; diastolic:r = .45, p less than .001). No relationship was found between BP at six months and breast- or bottle-feeding, infant weight or weight change, or nutrient intake. The relationship between parental BP, on the one hand, and infant electrolyte intake and BP on the other, suggested that electrolyte intake was related to BP in the six-month-old infant, and that the relationship was different in white babies than in black babies. Among 56 white infants whose mother's mean BP was above the median for this population, infant sodium intake correlated with infant SBP (r = .31, p less than .009). Among 32 black infants, regardless of parents' BP, sodium intake was negatively correlated with SBP (r = -.36, p less than .021).
Black People↗
Pharmacological Interventions for Weight Reduction in Patients With Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
IMPORTANCE: Significant weight gain is a concerning adverse effect of antipsychotic medications experienced by patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Its high prevalence and significant contribution to cardiometabolic morbidity in this population warrant better consensus on the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and related comorbidity. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between pharmacological interventions and changes in body weight among antipsychotic-treated patients with SSDs. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal were searched up to December 5, 2025. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized clinical trials examining any pharmacological intervention for weight reduction in antipsychotic-treated patients with SSDs were included. No restrictions to study duration were applied. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A systematic review and frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted. Certainty in the evidence was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool. The first round of data analysis took place between May 2025 to November 2025 and was updated in December 2025. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was change in body weight following treatment with pharmacological agent vs placebo or standard care. Secondary outcomes included other anthropometric and metabolic parameters. RESULTS: A total of 95 studies examining 39 individual pharmacological interventions were included in this review (pooled N = 5898). The network meta-analysis found that semaglutide (mean difference [MD], -10.98 kg; 95% CI, -13.33 to -8.62; k = 3; moderate certainty), liraglutide (MD, -5.43 kg; 95% CI, -8.54 to -2.33; k = 2; moderate certainty), topiramate (MD, -3.95 kg; 95% CI, -5.89 to -2.02; k = 5; moderate certainty), metformin (MD, -3.86 kg; 95% CI, -5.02 to -2.70; k = 16; moderate certainty), and exenatide (MD, -2.97 kg; 95% CI, -5.83 to -0.11; k = 3; moderate certainty) were associated with the most significant reductions in body weight compared to placebo. Other interventions including ramelteon, nizatidine, and aripiprazole were also found to be associated with weight-reducing effects but with very low certainty of evidence. Clinically meaningful weight change of 5% or greater was observed with semaglutide and metformin. Beneficial effects on other metabolic outcomes were also noted with several of the medications, and there were no major concerns with gastrointestinal adverse effects or leaving the study early (ie, dropouts) between interventions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This systematic review and network meta-analysis found substantial variability in weight-related outcomes across pharmacological interventions for antipsychotic-treated individuals with SSDs. Semaglutide, liraglutide, topiramate, metformin, and exenatide were associated with the greatest reductions in body weight and were supported by the highest-certainty evidence, providing guidance for clinicians managing antipsychotic-associated weight gain.
Humans↗
[Weight changes and risk factors during a 10-year period. Observations on subjects in the Basel study].
The change in body mass index (MI) over a 10 year period was compared to different risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 1663 men (aged 15-64) of the Basle Study. Blood pressure and betalipoproteins correlated significantly (alpha less than 0,01) with changes in MI as well as triglycerides (alpha less than 0,05). No correlation was observed between MI and cholesterol or smoking habits. Our results confirme that the age dependent increase in blood pressure, beta-lipoproteins and triglycerides is largely due to the increment of obesity in the adult.
Adolescent↗
The relationship between dietary intake, weight change, nitrogen balance, and protein turnover in man.
We have examined the relationships between protein turnover, protein synthesis, and protein breakdown and dietary intake, weight change, and nitrogen balance in children who were recovering and had recovered from severe protein-energy-malnutrition. Protein metabolism was measured by giving [15N]glycine and measuring the enrichment of urinary urea. The level of dietary protein did not affect protein metabolism. There were highly significant correlations between both protein flux and protein synthesis and the ad libitum dietary intake, nitrogen balance, and weight change. Over the range of dietary intake, 60 to 270 cal/kg per day, the protein synthesis rate increased 5-fold. Large changes in dietary intake resulted in small changes in protein breakdown, with breakdown being least on an inadequate intake. Changes in the rate of protein breakdown did not contribute to changes in nitrogen balance or body weight.
Body Weight↗
Protein deprivation in primates. XI. Determinants of weight change during and after pregnancy.
Individual differences in weight gain of rhesus monkeys during pregnancy far exceed the variation in infant weight. Weight gain thus reflects maternal adjustment to her physiological state in relation to her environment rather than growth of the infant. Diets high in protein lead to great weight gain. Skeletal length is positively correlated and conception weight negatively correlated with weight gain. Season of pregnancy, length of gestation and sex of the infant are unrelated to weight gain. None of the monkeys exhibited edema during gestation. Postpartum changes in body weight were small during the first 6 weeks.
Animals↗
Changes in weight during treatment for depression.
Changes in appetite and weight were examined in a group of 47 carefully diagnosed primary depressives who were treated in a random design with either placebo (N = 17) or amitryptyline (N = 30) over a 35-day protocol. While the amitriptyline treated group as a whole showed a greater gain in weight than did the placebo group (4.5 vs. 0.5 lb, p less than 0.05), no differential effects could be demonstrated between drug responders and nonresponders. Likewise, while a consistent relationship between the self-report of decreased appetite and final weight change was noted in the placebo group, no simple relationship between final weight change and self-reported changes in appetite were apparent in the drug-treated patients. There was, however, a relationship between the report of decreased appetite and clinical severity of depression in the drug nonresponder subgroup despite significant weight gain during the protocol. Thus, weight change during this study period did not appear to show a simple relationship to corresponding clinical change. The clinical lore that has supported the notion that increased appetite and weight gain in patients being treated with tricyclic antidepressants are "good" signs cannot be confirmed by our findings.
Adult↗
Weight changes with depot neuroleptic maintenance therapy.
A prospective study of schizophrenic patients prescribed injectable depot neuroleptic drugs as maintenance therapy showed a clinically significant weight gain in 55% of patients. No significant difference was shown between flupenthixol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate, nor was a clinically meaningful relationship shown with dose, or the use of anti-parkinsonian drugs. The weight gain continued for at least 2 years following a mental state relapse. It is suggested that the monitoring of weight and giving of appropriate advice on diet are two essential in maintenance therapy of chronic schizophrenia.
Body Weight↗
[Effectiveness of a preventive mass examination for cardiac risk factors (author's transl)].
18 months after a mass examination for coronary heart disease risk factors in employees of a large industrial firm, 75% of the subjects examined at that time were re-interviewed and measurements of blood pressure and weight repeated. Despite an altogether inadequate longterm control of the risk factors detected, a part of the subjects examined had drawn consequences regarding their way of life by reducing weight, changing smoking habits and increasing physical activity, thus proving the effectiveness of information and advice received in a screening investigation. In about 40% of the overweight subjects a reduction in weight and in half of the hypertensives a lowering of blood pressure to values below 160/95 mmHg was noted.
Adult↗
Determination of the caloric requirement of patients with cancer.
The weight change of 16 adult patients with cancer receiving total parenteral nutrition for an average period of 12 days was evaluated. The nitrogen to calorie ratio of the hyperalimentation fluid ranged from 1:144 to 1:235. The amount of nonprotein calories delivered was expressed as a multiple of the resting metabolic expenditure, and patients were divided according to the following different rates of calories delivered/resting metabolic expenditure into three groups: group 1, 1.11 to 1.48, mean 1.33; group 2, 1.55 to 1.76, mean 1.67, and group 3, 1.78 to 2.10, mean 1.87. The weight change in group 2 patients, +0.32 kilograms per day, was statistically different from that of group 1 patients, p less than 0.01, but not from that of group 3 patients. We conclude that the optimal hyperalimentation infusion rate to achieve weight gain in patients with cancer includes 50 nonprotein calories per kilogram per day as well as 1.5 grams of amino acids per kilogram per day with a nitrogen to calorie ratio of 1:208.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[A study of toxic substances in pertussis cultures].
For the purpose of studying the toxic properties of pertussis strains with different agglutination composition and to ascertain the interrelationship between the action of the toxic substances and the serological type of the strains the author used a test of the weight change in albino mice to which crude and heated (at 56 degrees C for 10 minutes) suspensions of the strains of various serological types were injected intraperitoneally. The toxic properties were checked in 17 strains. The test of the change of the animal body weight with the determination of the regression coefficient permitted to determine roughly the presence of the toxic substances in the strains; the action of the thermostable dermonecrotic toxin and thermostable endotoxin was expressed with greater constancy than that of the lymphocytosis stimulating factor. There was no interrelationship between the manifestation of the action of toxic substances in the pertussis strains and their serological type. The toxic activity peristed in the strains stored in dried condition.
Agglutination Tests↗
[Relations between weight changes and various biological parameters. Results of a longitudinal epidemiological survey].
Weight changes over a three year period were measured on a group of about 1400 working men aged 46 to 52 years and related to several biological parameters (cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, uricemia, glycemia and blood pressure). We observed: a) a slight increase in mean weight over the three year period; b) significant correlations between weight change and changes in these biological parameters. These results are compared to those found in cross sectional studies. Their implications for public health and prevention of ischemic heart disease are discussed.
Blood Glucose↗