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PubMed2001

Phenotypic modulation of parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule in culture.

The origin of cobblestone-like polygonal cells (the most numerous in renal glomerular cell culture) remains controversial; they could be either dedifferentiated podocytes or parietal epithelial cells (PECs) of Bowman's capsule. Poor cellular outgrowth from glomeruli devoid of Bowman's capsule (decapsulated glomeruli) hinders podocytes being obtained without contamination of PECs in culture. Since podocytes are easily damaged during the isolation of glomeruli by the conventional sieving method, we devised a gentle isolation method without forced sieving, resulting in substantial numbers of arborized cells growing out from decapsulated glomeruli. The cells were distinctly different from cobblestone-like polygonal cells in their irregular and often arborized shape and extended long cytoplasmic processes that often crossed over adjacent cells. The arborized cells from decapsulated glomeruli showed intense staining for a podocyte-specific marker, podocalyxin, but no staining for markers specific to PECs (pan cadherin), mesangial cells (Thy-1) or endothelial cells (von Willebrand factor, RECA-1), indicating their podocyte origin. Polygonal cells growing out from encapsulated glomeruli were negative for podocalyxin and positive for pan cadherin at the peripheral cell-cell contact. Thus, the cell population from decapsulated glomeruli is distinctly different from that from encapsulated glomeruli, supporting the idea that polygonal cells originate from PECs, although immunocytochemical markers specific to podocytes in vivo such as WT1, synaptopodin, HSP27 and P-31 antigen were expressed significantly in the polygonal cells. Occasionally, large irregular-shaped cells appeared at the periphery of the outgrowths from encapsulated glomeruli. They were similar in shape to the arborized cells from decapsulated glomeruli but were identical in antigenic properties to cobblestone-like polygonal cells and thus may be named "pseudo-arborized cells". We conclude that PECs in culture modulate their phenotype to resemble podocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The contractile nature of the tubular-like cells of the parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule in male mice. An immunochemical and ultrastructural study.

The tubule-like cells (TLC) of the parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule of the renal corpuscle in normal male mice are provided with bundles of thin microfilaments (50-70 A). Moreover, the ultrastructural observations demonstrated that similar thin filaments (50-70 A) are located in the flattened cells of the parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule and in the tubular cells. All the above cells bind antimyosin-like antibodies. Considering the correspondence between the immunochemical and ultrastructural findings, it is suggested that the microfilaments located in TLC contain a 'myosin-like' protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of primary amyloidosis associated with giant cell infiltration within a Bowman's capsule].

A 67-year-old man was hospitalized with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. Physical findings at admission were generalized edema and macroglossia. Urinalysis showed massive proteinuria, + +occult blood, and granular and broad casts. Ig A lambda monoclonal gammopathy was noted in the serum. There was no evidence of myeloma in the bone marrow aspirate, scintigram or X-ray of the bone. A biopsy specimen of the kidney showed massive deposits of structureless material in the glomeruli. Marked cell infiltration was also observed in the interstitium. Multinucleated giant cells were occasionally seen in the Bowman's capsules and the interstitium. There were reactive changes in the Bowman's capsule adjacent to the giant cell. The deposits were proved to be amyloid by positive staining with Congo red and apple-green birefringence by polarized light. In addition, microfibrills seen on electron microscopy displayed deposits. Amyloid depositions were observed in other tissues such as gingiva, skin and tongue. Staining of amyloid with Congo red was resistant to potassium permanganate, and amyloid was positively stained with lambda-light chain of immunoglobulin. These findings indicated that the patient had primary amyloidosis. Infiltration of the multinucleated giant cell has been reported only in patients with familial amyloidosis and secondary amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. To our knowledge the present case is a first report of the giant cell infiltration in a Bowman's capsule in primary amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Antigenic determinants of tubular basement membranes and Bowman's capsule in rats.

Kidney sections from several inbred rat strains were studied with an indirect immunofluorescence technique using five different, selected rat antisera which contained antibodies against the tubular basement membrane (TBM). The sera came from transplanted animals, an apparently normal animal, and animals treated with spleen cells in complete Freund's adjuvant. Upon panel analysis, at least two different antigenic determinants were recognized on the proximal TBM: One was present in nine and one was present in seven of the 15 strains tested; both determinants appear to be expressed in most antigen-positive strains. Using kidneys from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic strains, it was shown that the TBM antigens are encoded outside the MHC region. Three sera produced variable staining of Bowman's capsule in association with the proximal TBM; two sera produced clearly discordant staining of Bowman's capsule and proximal TBM. The capsular antigens were also coded outside the MHC region. These observations suggested the existence of at least two different antigenic determinants on proximal TBM. Bowman's capsule appeared to have antigenic determinants in common with the proximal TBM as well as distinct determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Citrullination preferentially proceeds in glomerular Bowman's capsule and increases in obstructive nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of posttranslational modification enzymes that citrullinate (deiminate) protein arginine residues, yielding citrulline residues. Citrullination of arginine residues abolishes their positive charge, markedly altering their structure. We undertook this study to investigate the actions of PADs in the kidney. METHODS: In male rats, we ligated the unilateral ureter, then analyzed the obstructed and contralateral kidneys 1 week later. Controls were rats simultaneously given sham operations. In another experiment, we ligated unilateral ureters of eight rats, four of which received a ureter-bladder anastomosis 1 week later. These rats were subjected to histologic examinations 5 weeks after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). RESULTS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that, of PADs (type I, II, III, and IV), only PAD type II was expressed in kidneys. Western blot study showed that PAD type II expression and citrullinated protein content increased greatly in kidneys that underwent unilateral ureteral ligation compared to that in contralateral or sham-operated kidneys. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PAD type II was preferentially expressed by parietal epithelial cells and that only in Bowman's capsule were proteins citrullinated. Additionally, these PAD type II and citrullinated proteins in obstructed nephropathy were significantly attenuated by the release of the obstruction. Proteome analysis revealed that one of citrullinated proteins in the kidney should be actin. CONCLUSION: This result indicates that PAD type II and citrullinated proteins are suitable markers of Bowman's capsule. Not only are these markers preferentially expressed in Bowman's capsules but their expression is also increased in damaged kidneys by UUO, features that promise the further clarification of kidney diseases.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1975

3H-inulin and electrolyte concentrations in Bowman's capsule in rat kidney. Comparison with artificial ultrafiltration.

Micropuncture experiments were performed on Bowman's capsules in male and female non-diuretic Munich rats. 55 samples were collected and analysed for Na, Cl, K, Ca, P, Mg and 3H-inulin contents. Their electrolyte concentrations were compared to the corresponding concentrations obtained from plasma artificial ultrafiltrates. Compared to normal Wistar rats, our Munich rats had several special characteristics: high arterial pressure (115-155 mm Hg), high concentrating ability (phi equals 2684 mOsm/1) and high NaCl reabsorption capacity. Whole kidney GFR was low in males (0.361 ml/min/kidney/100 g B.W.). 3H-Inulin concentration was the same in plasma and glomerular ultrafiltrates (GF). The corresponding ratio (GF/P) in equals 1.03 plus or minus 0.01 (N equals 55) confirmed the lack of sieving effect for inulin. GF electrolyte concentrations were, for Na, Cl, K, Ca, P, Mg respectively 139 plus or minus 0.05, 1.46 plus or minus 0.07 and 0.52 plus or minus 0.04 ml/1 (N equals 23) in females and 141 plus or minus 2, 120 plus or minus 2, 3.84 plus or minus 0.07, 1.31 plus or minus 0.03, 1.78 plus or minus 0.05 and 0.48 plus or minus 0.01 mM/1 (N equals 32) in males. Comparison of ultrafiltration trough a cuprophan membrane and glomerular ultrafiltration led to the following conclusions: For Na, Cl and P artificial and glomerular ultrafiltration produced identical results. On the other hand, for Ca and to a lesser extent for Mg and K ions, artificial ultrafiltration did not accurately reflect the true glomerular ultrafiltrate composition. The reasons for these differences are discussed below.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Immunohistochemical analysis of protein gene product 9.5, a new marker for parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsules, in anti-glomerular basement membrane(GBM) antibody induced glomerulonephritis of WKY rats].

Protein gene product 9.5(PGP 9.5) is expressed specifically in neuroendocrine cells and considered to be one of the neuroendocrine markers. Recently, we reported that PGP 9.5 is localized in the parietal epithelial cells(PECs) of Bowman's capsules as well as in neural tissues. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis of PGP 9.5 as a specific marker of the PECs of Bowman's capsules, synaptopodin as a podocyte-specific marker, and ED-1 as a specific marker of monocytes/macrophages was performed in the cellular crescents in anti-GBM antibody induced glomerulonephritis of WKY rats using serial renal sections. In the acute phase of anti-GBM antibody induced glomerulonephritis, and the expression of PGP 9.5 and ED-1 was observed diffusely in proliferating cells of cellular crescents. However, in most part of cellular crescents, PGP 9.5 positive areas did not overlap with the ED-1 positive areas. Synaptopodin was constantly detected along the glomerular tufts compressed by the crescents. In the chronic phase of this disease, PGP 9.5 was observed in the cells covering the surface of fibrous crescents or scattered within fibrocellular crescents. Synaptopodin was partially detected in such cells. It appears that cellular crescents are composed mainly of proliferating PECs and macrophages in rat anti-GBM antibody-induced glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1967

The columnar cells occurring in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. Cellular fine structure and protein transport.

The renal corpuscles of adult, C3H Swiss, male mice contain testosterone-sensitive, columnar cells in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. A study of the normal fine structure of these cells reveals several distinctive characteristics: a microvillous brush border; apical tubular invaginations and apical tubules; an elaborate infolding of the basal surface membrane forming cellular compartments, which contain numerous mitochondria; and a complex group of membrane-limited cytoplasmic inclusions. This appearance is remarkably similar to the fine structure of cells in the proximal convoluted tubule. 1 hr after an in vivo injection of horseradish peroxidase, numerous protein-absorption droplets occur in the columnar cell cytoplasm. The speed and cytomorphology of protein transport by these capsular cells closely resemble the handling of peroxidase by the proximal convoluted tubule. Origins for these testosterone-sensitive cells are discussed briefly. Morphological evidence is presented for the differentiation of squamous cells in Bowman's parietal capsule into columnar cells, which appear structurally and functionally identical with proximal convoluted tubular epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of fibronectin and complement to 'dense bodies' in Bowman's capsule and the glomerular basement membrane in membranous nephropathy.

This study describes dense bodies seen in Bowman's capsule and the glomerular basement membrane in biopsies of membranous glomerulonephritis. Within these bodies, silver-enhanced immunogold labelling demonstrated the presence of fibronectin and the complement component C3b. These results suggests that dense bodies may play a role in opsonization and the immune process in membranous glomerulonephritis.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed2006

Isolation and characterization of multipotent progenitor cells from the Bowman's capsule of adult human kidneys.

Regenerative medicine represents a critical clinical goal for patients with ESRD, but the identification of renal adult multipotent progenitor cells has remained elusive. It is demonstrated that in human adult kidneys, a subset of parietal epithelial cells (PEC) in the Bowman's capsule exhibit coexpression of the stem cell markers CD24 and CD133 and of the stem cell-specific transcription factors Oct-4 and BmI-1, in the absence of lineage-specific markers. This CD24+CD133+ PEC population, which could be purified from cultured capsulated glomeruli, revealed self-renewal potential and a high cloning efficiency. Under appropriate culture conditions, individual clones of CD24+CD133+ PEC could be induced to generate mature, functional, tubular cells with phenotypic features of proximal and/or distal tubules, osteogenic cells, adipocytes, and cells that exhibited phenotypic and functional features of neuronal cells. The injection of CD24+CD133+ PEC but not of CD24-CD133- renal cells into SCID mice that had acute renal failure resulted in the regeneration of tubular structures of different portions of the nephron. More important, treatment of acute renal failure with CD24+CD133+ PEC significantly ameliorated the morphologic and functional kidney damage. This study demonstrates the existence and provides the characterization of a population of resident multipotent progenitor cells in adult human glomeruli, potentially opening new avenues for the development of regenerative medicine in patients who have renal diseases.

AC133 Antigen↗
PubMed1966

Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma metastasizing to Bowman's capsule.

A kidney metastasis from a squamous bronchogenic carcinoma is described that showed the unusual feature of occupying Bowman's capsule as well as metastasizing interstitially, producing a neoplastic ;crescent' formation. The lesion is compared with the histological picture of subacute glomerulonephritis. No explanation is offered for this route for metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Sex-related incidence of tubular metaplasia in Bowman's capsule of aging rats.

Although chronic progressive nephropathy and proteinuria are well-known to affect old laboratory rats, the occurrence of tubular metaplasia of Bowman's capsule (TM) in aging rats has received little attention. We report here that old (24-26 months) male, but not female Sprague-Dawley rats show a high incidence of TM which is significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated with the levels of glomerular sclerosis and intracellular deposits of iron in the tubular epithelium. The incidence of these changes was not correlated with serum testosterone levels, which showed a significant age-related reduction in males. The reported findings suggest that the aging male Sprague-Dawley rat is a useful animal model to investigate the pathogenesis of TM and related morphologic changes in hematuric humans.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Crystalloid nature of mineral deposits in Bowman's capsule of the human glomerulus. Study by X-ray microanalysis and electron microdiffraction.

Abnormal crystalline mineral deposits are often observed in the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule in the human glomerulus. The nature of these deposits has been the subject of much discussion. By means of electron probe microanalysis and electron diffraction techniques, we have identified these abnormal deposits as whitlockite (beta-calcium-orthophosphate).

Calcium Phosphates↗