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Results for “Consummatory Behavior”

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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Toxocara canis and lead alter consummatory behavior in mice.

Ingestion of palatable and unpalatable solutions was measured in adult mice in which had been administered the common parasite of the dog, Toxocara canis alone, or in combination with lead. In addition, response to hot plate and susceptibility to electroconvulsive seizure were also measured. Results from the palatability test indicated that either lead or Toxocara may alter the mouse's mode of interacting with its environment. However, the two agents in combination interacted in their effects on consummatory behavior. Results from the hot plate and ECS measures were less clear with respect to how lead and/or Toxocara influence temperature reactivity and seizure susceptibility. Histological examination of the CNS in parasite infected animals revealed Wallerian Type degeneration of fiber pathways including the corpus callosum, olfactory tract, and cerebellar penduncles.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lactational performance, consummatory behavior, and suppression of estrous cyclicity in rats suckling underfed pups.

The role of pups' appetite in the regulation of maternal consummatory behavior (food intake of nursing mothers), lactational performance and postpartum diestrus was studied over a period of 45 days postpartum in rats chronically exposed to either underfed or normally fed pups. Experimental rats (n = 10) daily received 5 pups, 4-10-days-old, that had been deprived of food for the preceding 24 h while under the care of nonlactating foster mothers. Control rats (n = 10) received normally fed pups obtained daily from lactating foster mothers. Throughout the experimental period, the daily milk yield (estimated by litter weight gain), the intake of food and water by the mother, as well as the ratio of litter weight gain to mother's intake of food and water were all markedly higher in rats nursing underfed pups than in rats nursing normally fed pups. After a peak in lactation around Day 15 postpartum, experimental rats produced the same amount of milk during extended lactation as they did in the beginning of lactation, while control rats produced only half the amount of milk during extended lactation as they did in early lactation. Regardless of the nutritional state of the suckling pups, maternal body weight increased progressively over the first four weeks of lactation and remained unchanged during the time of extended lactation. The postpartum diestrus and the subsequent diestrous phase in the time of extended lactation were considerably longer in duration in rats that nursed underfed pups. On Day 45 of lactation, prolactin levels were higher and the adrenal glands were larger in experimental rats than in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Acoustic startle reflexes in the rat during consummatory behavior.

Auditory startle reflexes were elicited in thirsty rats when they were drinking water or were between drinking boutsmthe reaction was greater during drinking, this enhancement developing over the first few seconds after drinking onset. The startle reaction was lowest immediately after the termination of drinking. Reflex enhancement was reduced when thirsty rats drank milk rather than the more preferred water. The reflex was smaller with increased water deprivation, but enhancement produced by drinking was apparent at all levels of deprivation studied, satiety to 4-days deprivation. The inhibitory effect of a preliminary stimulus was not affected by consummatory behavior. Attention is drawn to suggestive parallels between these behavioral effects and other consequences of consummatory activity, primarily having to do with electrophysiological events and arousal processes

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Effects of a reward downshift on the consummatory behavior and flower choices of bumblebee foragers.

Insect foragers often exhibit flower constancy, the tendency to visit single flower types rather than sample alternative flowers that provide equal or higher levels of reward. We employed a negative incentive contrast procedure to examine whether a decrease of sucrose concentration in a regularly visited flower type affects bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) consummatory or choice behavior. Subjects were trained to enter a test arena where they foraged on a single, red, artificial flower that contained 140 microl of sucrose solution. Subjects were reinforced with a concentration of either 0.50 or 0.20 sucrose solution in 20 trials and in 12 subsequent test trials subjects were given a choice between a red and yellow flower that each contained 140 microl of 0.20 sucrose solution. Subjects that experienced a downshift of reward showed an abrupt disruption in consumption of sucrose solution from the red flower. These subjects were also significantly more likely to visit the novel yellow flower than subjects that were reinforced with 0.20 sucrose solution in red flowers in all trials. However, the effects of the downshift of reward were transient and appeared to disrupt consummatory behavior more strongly than flower preferences. These results support the idea that bumblebee foragers form expectations of reward in flowers--as is implied by the results of studies of honeybees--and suggest that unrealized expectations of reward may cause foragers to sample alternative flowers or to fly considerable distances in search of particular types of flowers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Consummatory behavior and urine production after cerebroventricular injection of vasopressin and vasopressin antiserum.

Vasopressin, or vasopressin antiserum, was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats. These rats were normally hydrated, cellular dehydrated (NaCl loading) or hypovolemic (polyethylene glycol model). Elevation or reduction of vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid produced no consistent change in consummatory behavior, urine volume or sodium and potassium excretion. These results show vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid not to be an absolute requirement for maintenance of hydration or for response to acute volume and osmotic stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of the effects of intracranial injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine on consummatory behavior and monoamine depletion.

6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been used extensively to study the effects of catecholamine depletion on feeding and drinking behavior. The results from these experiments are variable and do not clarify the involvement of catecholamines in these behaviors. Guanethidine, which has been used in studies of the peripheral autonomic nervous system, provides an alternative method of catecholamine depletion. In the experiments reviewed here the effects of injections of 6-OHDA and guanethidine into the rat brain on consummatory behavior and temperature regulation have been compared and related to changes in monoamine levels as shown by fluorescence histochemistry. Injections of 6-OHDA into anterior hypothalamic areas have lethal effects on food deprived animals. This effect may be explained in terms of loss of ability to regulate temperature. Animals whose catecholamines were depleted by guanethidine injections into anterior lateral hypothalamus showed a consistent reduction in food and water intake and an elevation of body temperature. Reconciliation of these findings appears difficult. However, a comparative study of the intracranial diffusion patterns of guanethidine and 6-OHDA has revealed marked differences in the extent of diffusion as seen with the fluorescence histochemical method when injected acutely or chronically into the lateral hypothalamus, the substantia nigra or the amygdala of the rat brain. Cannulation damage extended up to 1 mm in diameter. Generalized damage was far greater for 6-OHDA (2 mm) than for guanethidine (0.3 mm). At the doses used guanethidine, but not 6-OHDA caused specific damage to catecholamine-containing neurons up to a distance of at least 3 mm from the cannula tip. Guanethidine was less selective for dopaminergic compared to noradrenergic neurons. These differences between the effects of the two drugs are explained in terms of their unique pharmacological properties and their estimated decay in CNS tissue. An attempt has been made to account for the differences in behavioral data and in particular the variability of the 6-OHDA data in terms of the differences in the type of damage produced by the two drugs and the extent of their diffusion. It is also argued that the different patterns of damage would not easily be distinguished by biochemical analysis, and further, that changes in injection volume and concentration may lead to different damage patterns.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Neuropeptides as regulators of consummatory behaviors.

The control of ingestive behavior involves a variety of neurotransmitters, including monoamines, peptides and amino acids. For the past decade many investigators have focused their research on the role that regulatory peptides play in eating behavior. Many peptides, including cholecystokinin, bombesin, calcitonin, corticotropin-releasing factor, neurotensin and somatostatin, have been reported to decrease the amount of food ingested by laboratory animals. In contrast, a relatively small number of peptides increase food intake. The present review describes the effects of these peptides on consummatory behaviors in various species and their sites of action.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Minireview: Characterization of influence of central nociceptin/orphanin FQ on consummatory behavior.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), a peptide closely related to dynorphin A, is the endogenous agonist of the NOP receptor that moderately increases food intake under various conditions. Its orexigenic properties are mediated by the brain circuitry. In the present review, we focus on discussing the nature of hyperphagic effects of N/OFQ with special emphasis on its function within feeding-related neural networks. Although some of N/OFQ's orexigenic effects resemble those induced by opioids, reward-dependent feeding appears to be affected in a different manner by agonists of the NOP and classical opioid receptors. Also, data suggest that N/OFQ may not only promote feeding initiation, but rather its role may be to inhibit signaling responsible for inhibition of consummatory behavior. Central systems involved in termination of feeding that seem to be influenced by N/OFQ encompass oxytocin, alpha-MSH, and CRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Sex differences in nicotine's effects on consummatory behavior and body weight in rats.

Nicotine administration and cessation have greater effects on body weight and eating behavior in female than in male rats. These generalizations are based on studies of body weight and eating behavior for 2-3 week periods before, during, and after nicotine administration. Therefore, the sex differences may reflect differences in sensitivity to nicotine or simply differences in the time course of nicotine's effects. The present research was designed to replicate these previous studies and to examine long-term effects of nicotine cessation on body weight. Nicotine or saline was administered SC to female and male Sprague-Dawley rats for 16 days. Body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were measured before, during, and after nicotine administration. In addition, body weight was measured for 4 months after cessation of nicotine. There was an inverse relationship between nicotine and body weight. Also, there was an inverse relationship between nicotine and general consummatory behavior for females but not for males. The body weight of females that had received nicotine were indistinguishable from controls up to 4 months after cessation of nicotine. The body weight of males that had received 12 mg nicotine per kg per day remained lower than controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Predatory attack, grooming, and consummatory behaviors evoked by electrical stimulation of cat cerebellar nuclei.

Electrical stimulation at single sites in the rostral fastigial nucleus elicits hypertension, grooming, feeding, and attack behaviors in the cat. The stimulus intensity and availability of suitable goal objects determines the behavior. Bilateral lesions of the area fail to produce motor deficits. The rostral fastigial nucleus may be a cerebellar area for behavioral and autonomic regulation.

Aggression↗