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29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

3D chromatin remodeling during domestication defines novel targets for crop improvement.

Three-dimensional (3D) genome folding shapes gene regulation, yet the genetic underpinnings linking 3D genome evolution to phenotypic innovation during domestication remain elusive. Using population-scale Hi-C profiling of 34 semi-wild and 267 cultivated allotetraploid cottons, we generated a pan-3D genome atlas capturing extensive diversity in topologically associating domains (TADs) and chromatin loops. Chromatin interactome-wide association studies identified 105 TAD reconfigurations and 58 loop rewirings that were established as the 3D chromatin basis of fiber quality, boosting heritability estimates for fiber strength by 16% and fiber length by 20%. We reveal that domestication selection within sequence-defined sweeps fixed 57% of 3D conformation signatures, thereby decoupling sequence-level from chromatin-level selection and shifting the subgenome expression balance of 39 homoeologs in cultivated cotton. Sequence-based modeling and mutational analyses identified the C2H2 zinc-finger protein YY1 as a conserved mediator of 3D genome organization. This study provides a resource for redefining precision-breeding paradigms by harnessing cryptic 3D chromatin targets.

3D genome↗
PubMed2025

A telomere-to-telomere reference genome assembly of the red silk cotton tree (Bombax ceiba).

Bombax ceiba, an important ornamental tree and potential fiber resource in the textile industry, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we assembled a nearly gap-free telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome of B. ceiba using Illumina, PacBio High-fidelity (HiFi), ONT ultra-long, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The genome spanned approximately 807.89 Mb, with a scaffold N50 of 16.58 Mb, and 754.68 Mb (93.41%) of genomic sequences were anchored onto 48 pseudo-chromosomes. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis revealed a completeness of 99.40%, identifying 1,378 single-copy and 213 duplicated genes out of 1,614. The genome contained 67.72% (547.11 Mb) repeat regions, with 39,708 predicted protein-coding genes. Collectively, our study provides valuable genomic data for investigating the evolutionary history of the Malvaceae family.

Genome, Plant↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spin label study of the temperature stability of plant fibers].

Temperature relationship of rotation diffusion parameters of radical connected to different varieties of cotton filament, isolated from normal and with affected cotton was studied. It has been found that structural transitions accompanied with a markable increase of radical rotation diffusion in all the samples studied, proceed at definite temperatures. For filament samples from wilt-affected plants temperatures at which structural transitions proceed are higher as compared to the filaments taken from normal plants. This phenomenon point to higher micro rigidity of wilt-affected plants.

Climate↗
PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Characterization of the ZIP Transporter Family in Sea Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) and Expression Profiling Under Heavy Metal and Pathogen Stresses.

G. barbadense represents an indispensable germplasm resource for high-quality textile fiber and disease resistance; nevertheless, systematic information regarding its ZRT/IRT-like protein (ZIP) gene family remains limited. Here, a total of 46 GbZIP genes were identified across the G. barbadense genome. Comprehensive bioinformatic investigations revealed uneven chromosomal distribution and confirmed that segmental/whole-genome duplications, supplemented by localized tandem duplications, drove family expansion. Members clustered within the same phylogenetic clades shared conserved motif organization and gene architecture, while promoter regions harbored abundant cis-acting elements associated with phytohormone and stress signaling. Transcriptome profiling indicated distinct expression patterns across vegetative/reproductive tissues, fiber and ovule developmental stages, and diverse abiotic stress conditions (cold, hot, drought, and salt). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) further validated that several GbZIP candidates exhibited temporal expression variations upon exposure to cadmium toxicity, V. dahliae infection, and combined Cd-V. dahliae stress. Specifically, GbZIP13, GbZIP18, GbZIP27, and GbZIP36 displayed prominent broad-spectrum responses to all three stress conditions, whereas GbZIP16, GbZIP29, and GbZIP30 showed stress-specific regulatory divergence. Overall, this study aims to systematically analyze the evolutionary characteristics and expression patterns of the GbZIP family, and to specifically evaluate the response differences under Cd stress, V. dahliae stress, and combined stress, in order to identify potential key candidate genes.

Gossypium barbadense↗
PubMed1978

A study on the microbial filtration efficiency of surgical face masks--with special reference to the non-woven fabric mask.

With the experimental apparatus designed and made available by Nicholes, we evaluated the bacterial filtration efficienty (B.F.E.) of the non-woven fabric and cotton cloth masks. The apparatus was supplied by Nicholes (U.S. Military Specification 36954 C mask, surgical, disposable). The study presented here was performed as a round robin test with Nicholes. By using this apparatus, comparison was made as to the B.F.E. of the six different kinds of surgical face mask before and after prolonged use. The result was obtained that the disposable mask made of glass fiber mat combined with non-woven fabric proved to be the highest in performance with a B.F.E. of 98.1-99.4%. It is useful both in preventing hospital infection and in general clinical practice. The B.F.E. of the conventional cotton cloth masks is not only lower but variable over a wide range of 43.1-93.6%.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2026

The Spatiotemporal Genetic Architecture of Seed Vigor in Upland Cotton.

Seed vigor underpins uniform crop establishment, but its dynamic genetics are understudied. Combining high-resolution temporal phenotyping and genomics in upland cotton, we used the SeedRanger platform to record 17 image-based traits every 30 min over 120 h, revealing stage-specific heritability and identifying 541 seed-vigor loci. These loci show extensive pleiotropy and temporal coordination, forming a genetic network that preserves developmental continuity; 8.9% overlap regions under domestication selection, indicating concurrent optimization with fiber yield. Functional validation of FLA2, a candidate gene underlying a dynamic QTL, implicates auxin-mediated control of radicle elongation and cotyledon development. This temporal framework exposes dynamic genetic architecture and breeding targets for high-vigor crops.

Gossypium↗
PubMed1977

Mucopolysaccharide osmotic pressure in the measurement of interstitial pressure.

Subatmospheric pressures were recorded from cotton wicks inserted into Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cords (mean=-7.6+/-5.0 (SD) cmH2O; n=10). Hyaluronate concentrations (mean=0.69+/-0.30 g/100 g) and wick pressures correlated negatively (r=-0.825; P less than 0.01) but calculated hyaluronate osmotic pressures (mean=4.0+/-2.7 cmH2O) were insufficient to explain the full wick pressure. In model systems composed of asbestos fibers (mean radius=0.5 micron) and 0.9% saline, subatmospheric pressures were recorded which varied with the volume of saline added. When hyaluronate (1 g/100 g) was substituted for saline, lower wick pressures were recorded at each volume. The pressure lowering effect of hyaluronate was not seen in a matrix of glass fibers (mean radius=1.0 micron). It is suggested that the effect of hyaluronate in asbestos fibers is due to its immobilization by the matrix and the consequent development of osmotic pressure recorded via the wick. In the coarser glass-fiber matrix, hyaluronate was not immobilized and therefore had no osmotic effect. These experiments support the hypothesis that subatmospheric interstitial pressures result from osmotic pressure of immobilized mucopolysaccharide macromolecules.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1979

Effect of fiber and dye degradation products (FDP) on burn wound healing.

Upon exposure to the thermal environment of an aircraft fire, many fire retardant fabrics off-gas fiber and dye degradation products (FDP). Condensation of these products on human skin raises questions concerning possible deleterious effects on burn wound healing. A porcine bioassay was used to study the physiological effects of FDP. Selected areas of living skin, protected by dyed aromatic polyamides and polybenzimidazole fabrics, were exposed to a thermal source adjusted to simulate a postcrash JP-4 fuel fire. Burn sites contaminated with FDP were evaluated by clinical observation ane to begin epithelialization, time to closure of an open wound, and the amount and type of cicatrix formation. The experiment showed that each fabric has unique off-gasing products. The greatest amount of FDP was deposited on the skin when the skin was covered by a single layer of shell fabric separated by a 6.35-mm air gap. The presence of an intervening cotton T-shirt decreased the amount of FDP deposited on the skin. We found no evidence that FDP caused alterations in wound healing.

Aerospace Medicine↗