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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Topography and cytoarchitecture of the diencephalon in the female comestic cattle (Bos taurus var. dom.)].

Ten brains of cows were, immediately after slaughter, embedded in celloidin, sliced, and stained to visualise neurocytes and nerve fibres, with the view to elucidating the structures of bovine diencephalon. Macroscopically, the diencephalon of cow is characterised by a comparatively strong epithalamic part, large laterally supported Corpora geniculata lateralis, pronounced ventricular bulgings, almost complete fusion of thalami with Massa intermedia, and very large pituitary gland. The five compartments of bovine interbrain are strongly developed and clearly delimitated by fibrous strings and platelets. By due consideration of the major fibre structures and cyto-architectonic characteristics, 62 nuclei may be differentiated in either half of the diencephalon, with 28 being situated in the thalamus and 23 in the hypothalamus. Two nuclear regions each were recordable from the epithalamus, metathalamus, and subthalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Histochemical studies of the peroxidase activity of the bursa of Fabricius of Gallus dom.; study of the enzymatic metabolism of that immunocompetent organ during its development].

By means of the technique proposed by De Robertis and Grasso (1946) for the histochemical localization of peroxidase activity, we have shown in the developing chicken Bursa of Fabricius positive cells from the 12th day onwards. They are localized in the mesenchymal network and increase during the development, reaching their top level in a period between the 18th-20th day before hatching and the 3rd day after hatching. After the first week these cells decrease and disappear during the second month. Peroxidase positive cells are tentatively identified as eosinophilic granulocytes (pseudoeosinophilic according to Romanoff); their variations should express fluctuations in the pattern of bursal granulocytopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Differential regulation of the nocturnal and diurnal prolactin surges in pregnant rats revealed by dopamine receptor antagonism.

We have explored temporal changes in the magnitude of dopamine (DA) interaction (DA tone) at the anterior pituitary lactotrophs related to both the nocturnal and diurnal prolactin (PRL) surges on day 8 of pregnancy, by utilizing a competitive DA D2 antagonist, domperidone (DOM). After withdrawal of blood from pregnant rats on day 7 in order to demonstrate the presence of a PRL surge, experimental rats received DOM (100 micrograms/kg i.v. or i.a.) at various times on day 8. Blood samples were taken immediately before and following injection of DOM at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. The peak PRL response to DOM occurred 15 min after injection. Comparisons were made between circulating PRL levels immediately prior to and at several times following DOM administration for the various times of the day, and represented as incremental increases in PRL following DOM. During times on day 8 when PRL levels were normally low (24:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 16:00 h), pregnant rats exhibited a substantial PRL response to DOM. However, during the nocturnal PRL surge (02:00, 04:00 h) the peak PRL response to DOM was significantly lower. In sharp contrast, the PRL response to DOM administered during the diurnal PRL surge (18:00 h) was significantly higher than all other times of the day tested. In a dose-response study in which 10, 100 and 1,000 micrograms/kg DOM was administered at the two critical times when the response to DOM differed greatly, 02:00 and 18:00 h, there was a significantly reduced PRL response to DOM at 02:00 h compared to 18:00 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Domoic acid toxicity in rats and mice after intracerebroventricular administration: comparison with excitatory amino acid agonists.

A behavioural study of the domoic acid (DOM)-induced convulsive behaviour after intracerebroventricular administration was carried out in rats and mice. DOM-induced behaviours were compared to those elicited by other excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) and kainic acid (KA), in such a way as to assess the possible similarities between DOM-induced effects and EAA subtype receptor activation in vivo. In rat, DOM (0.03-3 nmol/rat) caused a complex pattern of convulsive behaviour, quantified by means of a 15-point rating scale. DOM-induced behavioural profile was characterized at the lower doses by "preconvulsive" behaviours as wet dog shakes, hypermotility, mild facial clonus. At higher doses, DOM caused clonic convulsions followed by the "status epilepticus" syndrome (wet dog shakes, forelimb clonus, rearing, salivation). Rats treated with KA (0.3-10 nmol/rat) showed an almost identical behavioural profile. AMPA (1-10 nmol/rat)-induced convulsive behaviour was similar to DOM and KA only at the higher doses. NMDA (0.25-10 nmol/rat) caused clonic convulsions but not "status epilepticus". In mice, similar results were obtained: all the tested drugs induced generalized seizures, but only animals treated with DOM, KA and AMPA showed a prolonged sequence of seizures with forelimb clonus. Our results confirm the findings reported in the literature and support the hypothesis that DOM and KA act at the same EAA receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Behavioral and neuropharmacological analysis of amphetamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine in rats.

A comparison of the behavioral pharmacology of DOM and amphetamine in rats indicated that lower doses (0.10-1.0 mg/kg) of the two agents had similar effects on schedule-controlled food-reinforced and shock-avoidance behavior. Similarities were also noted in their effects on horizontally directed motor activity when testing was preceeded by a period of acclimation. However, most doses of DOM tended to decrease unacclimated motor activity, while amphetamine increased this behavior. Neuropharmacological antagonism studies indicated that brain catecholamines (CA) and serotonin (5-HT) are involved in the behavioral effects of both DOM and amphetamine. Cinanserin, a 5-HT receptor blocker, attenuated the behavioral disruptive effects of both agents on food-reinforced responding. Cinanserin attenuated the effects of all doses of DOM and those of higher doses of amphetamine on shock avoidance. When given prior to lower doses of amphetamine, there was a greater behavioral stimulation than when amphetamine was given alone. Prior depletion of brain CA with alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) did not affect DOM induced disruption of food-reinforced responding, while alpha-MT attenuated the behavioral effects of all doses of DOM and amphetamine on shock avoidance. These data suggest that DOM and amphetamine share a similar component in their mechanism of action which depends on the availability of a releasable pool of brain CA.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗
PubMed2026

Ecological Restoration of the Soil-Like Function in the Bauxite Residue: Natural Microbiomes Mediated Molecular Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter.

Soilization of bauxite residues offers a scalable route for long-term carbon management and ecological restoration. However, the microbial processes that transform exogenous organic inputs into stable soil-like carbon pools remain poorly resolved. Here, we combined cross-ecosystem meta-analysis, machine-learning prediction, native synthetic community (SynCom) construction, 13C-labeled straw microcosms, field validation, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and genome-resolved metagenomics to unravel microbiome-mediated carbon transformation at the dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular scale. Our meta-analysis revealed that alkaline industrial wastes retained soil-like DOM signatures but were enriched in microbial humic- and protein-like components, indicating active yet incomplete carbon processing. Guided by these patterns, native SynCom inoculation increased 13C incorporation into total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), enlarged biodegradable and adsorbable DOC fractions, and shifted DOM from recalcitrant aromatic pools toward oxygenated carbohydrate-, tannin-, and phenolic-like molecular classes. Genome-resolved analyses linked this transformation to complementary polymer degradation and nutrient-cycling functions across fungal and bacterial guilds, including enriched carbohydrate-active enzymes in straw-carbon-utilizing metagenome-assembled genomes. Null model and thermodynamic analyses further showed that microbial communities were constrained by homogeneous selection, whereas DOM molecules were diversified through variable selection and redox-dependent transformation. Field-scale validation confirmed that SynCom promoted TOC and DOC accumulation and humic-like, high-density DOM fractions under alkaline conditions. Together, these findings establish a mechanistic framework in which functional microbiomes couple plant carbon depolymerization, DOM molecular diversification, and mineral-interactive carbon stabilization, providing a microbiome-guided strategy for carbon sequestration and soilization in the bauxite residue.

Soil↗