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At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evaluation of tartar control dentifrices in in vitro models of dentin sensitivity.

The effects of anticalculus dentifrices were compared with other commercially available dentifrices in in vitro models of dentin sensitivity. Changes in the hydraulic conductance of dentin discs were measured with and without a smear layer before and after treatment and also after a post-treatment acid etch. The capacity of dentifrices to occlude open dentinal tubules in vitro was also assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was good correlation (R = 0.98) between our test and values reported in the literature. Tartar control dentifrices gave reductions in fluid flow rates through the dentin discs comparable to those obtained with Promise, Sensodyne, Thermodent and Denquel. Additionally, tartar control dentifrices did not remove microcrystalline debris (smear layers) from the surfaces of dentin in vitro. These results were confirmed by SEM. Thus, according to the hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity, these in vitro results suggest that pyrophosphate-containing dentifrices should reduce dentinal sensitivity.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of pain in cervical dentinal sensitivity studies. A review.

Traditionally cervical dentinal sensitivity (CDS) has been evaluated mainly subjectively on the basis of the individual patient's subjective response, e.g., in the form of verbal rating and visual analogue scales and questionnaires. The stimuli used for evaluating this response can be grouped into 4 main categories: mechanical, chemical, electrical and thermal. This review of the literature, however, indicates that there are problems in evaluating patient subjective response to these various test stimuli used in the assessment and treatment of CDS. Opinions also vary as to the reliability of some of these methods of assessment, although recently, efforts have been made to develop controlled reproducible stimuli more suited to the evaluation of CDS. Currently no single method of eliciting and assessing CDS may be considered ideal. Further research is required to evaluate suitable methodology for the quantification of realistic test stimuli under controlled clinical conditions, whereby the subjective response may be objectively measured by the investigator.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1998

The rôle of a dentine-bonding agent in reducing cervical dentine sensitivity.

This double-blind split-mouth trial with 16 adult patients investigated the ability of a dentine bonding agent (DBA) to reduce cervical dentine sensitivity. Following stimulation of pairs of teeth by conventional tactile and air blast stimuli, together with controlled evaporative and cold fluid stimuli, sensitivity was recorded using tactile threshold, visual-analogue scale (VAS) and short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SFMPQ), prior to and 1 week following treatment with DBA. Prior to assessment, subjects recorded their perceived overall sensitivity using VAS and SFMPQ. Application of each stimulus was separated by 10 min. Sensitivity was recorded by a clinician blinded to the treatment status of each tooth. The control tooth was treated by applying DBA to coronal enamel. Dietary information was collected after the post-treatment assessment. There was a significant (p<0.05) improvement in tactile threshold and air flow and air blast VAS scores, together with reductions in sensitivity to evaporative stimuli when assessed by SFMPQ. Treatment response was not influenced by the subjects' age, gender, diet, use of fluoride-containing or silica-based toothpastes or fluoride mouthwashes, or a history of previous sensitivity treatment. It is concluded that topical application of DBA is an effective way to reduce cervical dentine sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pulp responses to precise thermal stimuli in dentin-sensitive teeth.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pulpal responses to cold temperatures applied to enamel, using a method that precisely controls the intensity of the cold stimulus or measures the response time, could distinguish dentin-sensitive teeth from nonsensitive teeth. Eighteen human subjects were stimulated with cold temperatures decreasing in 5 degree C intervals (and with tetrafluoroethane) on exposed root and enamel of a dentin-sensitive tooth and enamel of a contralateral nonsensitive tooth. Pain threshold, intensity of pain, time to pain onset, and duration of pain at baseline, 4 h, 8 h, and 1 week were measured. Responses to enamel stimulation of sensitive teeth compared with the nonsensitive teeth usually were highly correlated and not significantly different. The exception was a longer duration of pain in the dentin-sensitive teeth (4.62 +/- 0.47 s) compared with nonsensitive teeth (2.92 +/- 0.49 s; p = 0.016) after enamel stimulation with tetrafluoroethane. Longitudinal studies are necessary to determine whether these slight increases in pain duration indicate an increased probability of pulpal degeneration or need for dentin protection.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed2004

The long-term effectiveness of five current desensitizing products on cervical dentine sensitivity.

The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effectiveness of five desensitizing products on 25 male and 27 female patients (total 52) aged 21-67 years (mean 36 +/- 7 years) suffering from cervical dentine sensitivity. All subjects were seen by the same examiner (ID) who was blinded to the applied treatment for 3-month clinical study. Patients were asked to record their overall sensitivity by marking a point on a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Two hundred and seventy-seven sensitive teeth were treated by one of the five desensitizing products, all of which were placed following manufacturers' instructions by the other investigator (AS). A paired (split mouth) study design was used and selection of quadrants was randomized. At the post-treatment and at 10 days and 3 months periods, sensitivity measurements were recorded by the same investigator (ID). Statistical analysis showed that all of the VAS scores at post-treatment evaluation points were significantly decreased compared with baseline data (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in mean sensitivity scores in the Protect Liner F and the Health-Dent Desensitizer groups when compared with Fluoline varnish at the 10-day time point (P < 0.05). At 3 months, the Protect Liner F group continued to show a significantly reduced sensitivity level when compared with Health-Dent Desensitizer, Single Bond, Fluoline and Gluma Desensitizer (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that although at the end of 3-month evaluation period all desensitizers showed lower VAS sensitivity values compared with baseline, there were differences in the level of reduction of cervical dentine sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of dentin sensitivity with stannous fluoride gel. Electron microscopic study and evaluation of dentin permeability].

Dentine hypersensitivity still represent a major clinical problem only partially solved. The presence of exposed opened dentinal tubules has been demonstrated increase the dentine permeability and it is the responsible for pain and sensitivity. Stannous fluoride solution has been recently proposed to reduce dentine hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dentinal permeability of a new stannous fluoride gel proposed for the therapy of dentine hypersensitivity. Human extracted teeth have been used and mounted and connected with a hydraulic pressure apparatus working at 1 psi (70 cm of water pressure). It was calculated the permeability of untreated smear layer, treated smear layer (after gel application) and after acidic treatment. It was observed that gel treatment was able to reduce dentine permeability. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of a homogeneous smear layer after treatment with gel. This in vitro study confirms that stannous fluoride treatment has the capacity to modify dentine permeability of sensitive dentine.

Dentin↗
PubMed1992

Relation of dentin sensitivity to histological changes in dog teeth with exposed and stimulated dentin.

The effect of chronic exposure of dentin to the sensitivity of intradental nerves was studied in dogs. The dentin of canine and incisor teeth was exposed one week prior to the experiments in which 34 single fiber units dissected from the inferior alveolar nerve were recorded. In the teeth with acutely bared dentin 36 nerve fibers were tested. SEM of the chronically exposed dentin showed that practically no tubule apertures could be found since the surface was covered with bacteria and oral debris. This coating had to be removed by drilling and acid etching before any responses could be evoked. When compared to the teeth with acutely exposed dentin, the sensitivity of the fibers responding to drilling, probing, osmotic stimulation, and air blasts applied to the dentin was weakened in the chronic cases, in the sense that fewer units of those tested responded. However, cold evoked nerve activity only in some chronically exposed teeth, suggesting sensitization of the nerves. TEM revealed electron-dense substance in the dentinal tubules of the chronic teeth. Some of the material was evidently cellular remnants aspirated from the pulp and some of it, staining more faintly, could be extravasated plasma proteins. In the acute cases the tubules were emptier. Light microscopy showed histological injuries in the pulp-dentin border. It is concluded that the decrease in the responsiveness of the pulp nerve fibers in the chronic cases was due to the changes in the dentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Update on the concepts and probable role of peptidergic nerves in dentine sensitivity and pain mechanisms.

Both, myelinated (A-) and unmyelinated (C-) and efferent sympathetic nerves are found in the dental pulp. The myelinated nerves are sensory and respond to stimulation of dentine with external stimuli. The A-fibres may be responsible for the sharp piercing pain sensations induced by stimulation of dentine in human subjects. C-fibres respond only when the stimuli reach the pulp proper. Activation of C-fibres may be responsible for the dull, delayed pain which radiates to the rest of the face. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the existence of intradental peptidergic nerves. These are the substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) nerves. It is suggested that peptidergic intradental nerves may play a role in increased dentine sensitivity during inflammation and dentine hypersensitivity.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide↗