PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “FORAMEN”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Obstructive sleep apnoea and patent foramen ovale: successful treatment of symptoms by percutaneous foramen ovale closure.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder often associated with cardiovascular problems. The role of right to left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in OSA is still debated. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with OSA, treated by nocturnal continuous airway pressure, who had a PFO and severe dispnoea and desaturation at exercise. Percutaneous closure of PFO leads to immediate and complete resolution of symptoms. Our report shows for the first time that patients with OSA, PFO, and desaturation at exercise should be considered candidates to PFO closure, even in the absence of cerebral events.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

How to prevent stroke recurrence in patients with patent foramen ovale: anticoagulants, antiaggregants, foramen closure, or nothing?

Several studies found a significant association between patent foramen ovale (PFO), interatrial septal aneurysm, and patients less than 60 years of age presenting with acute stroke and without any identified coexisting mechanism explaining the acute event. Paradoxical embolism from a venous source through a right-to-left shunt is usually incriminated, but the definite proof for paradoxical embolism is often lacking, with screening for deep-venous thrombosis leading to variable estimates. Despite these controversies, the-possibility of paradoxical embolism in patients with cryptogenic stroke and PFO is commonly retained as the cause of the neurological deficit. Moreover, there are now definite studies documenting that these patients are at risk of recurrence. The aim of the present paper is to review the literature on the risks of stroke recurrence in patients with atrial septal defects, and to weigh the risks and benefits of the different therapeutic options currently available to prevent stroke recurrence. These options include chronic oral anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, and more invasive procedures such as surgical closure or transcatheter closure of the defect. Finally, using the principles of decision analysis, the authors suggest tentative practical therapeutic recommendations that might be helpful to clinicians in daily practice.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2002

Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: patent foramen ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke Study.

BACKGROUND: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with stroke, but there are no randomized studies to evaluate the efficacy of antithrombotic therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS: The PFO in Cryptogenic Stroke Study was a 42-center study that evaluated transesophageal echocardiographic findings in patients randomly assigned to warfarin or aspirin in the Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study. In this study, 630 stroke patients were enrolled, of whom 312 (49.5%) were randomized to warfarin and 318 (50.5%) to aspirin. Of these, 265 patients experienced cryptogenic stroke and 365 experienced known stroke subtypes. End points were recurrent ischemic stroke or death. PFO was present in 203 patients (33.8%). There was no significant difference in the time to primary end points between those with and those without PFO in the overall population (P=0.84; hazard ratio 0.96; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.48; 2-year event rates 14.8% versus 15.4%) or in the cryptogenic subset (P=0.65; hazard ratio 1.17; 95% CI 0.60 to 2.37; 2-year event rates 14.3% versus 12.7%). There was no significant difference among those with no, small, or large PFO (P=0.41 for small PFO and P=0.16 for large PFO; 2-year event rates for no, small, and large PFO, 15.4%, 18.5%, and 9.5%, respectively). There was no significant difference between patients with isolated PFO and those with PFO in association with atrial septal aneurysm (P=0.84; 2-year event rates 14.5% versus 15.9%). In patients with PFO, there was no significant difference in the time to primary end points between those treated with warfarin and those treated with aspirin (P=0.49; hazard ratio 1.29; 95% CI 0.63 to 2.64; 2-year event rates 16.5% versus 13.2%). CONCLUSIONS: On medical therapy, the presence of PFO in stroke patients did not increase the chance of adverse events regardless of PFO size or the presence of atrial septal aneurysm.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Locational relationship of the supraorbital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans.

The morphology and locational relationship of the supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen were studied from photographs of 124 Korean skulls (male 35, female 18, unknown sex 71). The infraorbital foramen was on the sagittal plane passing through the supraorbital notch/foramen (36.4%), or lateral to the plane (63.6%). The mental foramen was either on the plane (69.3%), lateral to the plane (21.8%), or medial to the plane (9.0%). The supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen were on the same sagittal plane in 38.1% of the cases. The supraorbital notch (69.9%) was found more frequently than the supraorbital foramen (28.9%). The average distance from the median plane to the center of the supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen was 22.7, 27.2 and 24.4 mm, respectively. The average length of the line from the center of the supraorbital notch/foramen to the center of the infraorbital foramen was 45.6 mm, and the angle of this line to the sagittal plane was 5.8 degrees. The average distance from the infraorbital margin to the center of the infraorbital foramen was 8.6 mm, and that from the inferior margin of mandible to the center of the mental foramen was 15.5 mm in males and 14.0 mm in females. The average horizontal width of the supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen, and mental foramen was 4.7, 4.8 and 2.4 mm, respectively. Most commonly, the infraorbital foramen was lateral to the sagittal plane of the supraorbital notch/foramen, and the mental foramen was on that plane. This locational relationship would be helpful clinically to determine the location of the infraorbital and mental foramina, by palpation of the supraorbital notch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review.

BACKGROUND: The mental foramen is a strategically important landmark during osteotomy procedures. Its location and the possibility that an anterior loop of the mental nerve may be present mesial to the mental foramen needs to be considered before implant surgery to avoid mental nerve injury. METHODS: Articles that addressed the position, number, and size of the mental foramen, mental nerve anatomy, and consequences of nerve damage were evaluated for information pertinent to clinicians performing implant dentistry. RESULTS: The mental foramen may be oval or round and is usually located apical to the second mandibular premolar or between apices of the premolars. However, its location can vary from the mandibular canine to the first molar. The foramen may not appear on conventional radiographs, and linear measurements need to be adjusted to account for radiographic distortion. Computerized tomography (CT) scans are more accurate for detecting the mental foramen than conventional radiographs. There are discrepancies between studies regarding the prevalence and length of the loop of the mental nerve mesial to the mental foramen. Furthermore, investigations that compared radiographic and cadaveric dissection data with respect to identifying the anterior loop reported that radiographic assessments result in a high percentage of false-positive and -negatives findings. Sensory dysfunction due to nerve damage in the foraminal area can occur if the inferior alveolar or mental nerve is damaged during preparation of an osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid nerve injury during surgery in the foraminal area, guidelines were developed based on the literature with respect to verifying the position of the mental foramen and validating the presence of an anterior loop of the mental nerve. These guidelines included leaving a 2 mm zone of safety between an implant and the coronal aspect of the nerve; observation of the inferior alveolar nerve and mental foramen on panoramic and periapical films prior to implant placement; use of CT scans when these techniques do not provide clarity with respect to the position of the nerve; surgical corroboration of the mental foramen's position when an anterior loop of the mental foramen is suspected of being present or if it is unclear how much bone is present coronal to the foramen to establish a zone of safety (in millimeters) for implant placement; once a safety zone is identified, implants can be placed anterior to, posterior to, or above the mental foramen; and prior to placing an implant anterior to the mental foramen that is deeper than the safety zone, the foramen must be probed to exclude the possibility that an anterior loop is present. In general, altered lip sensations are preventable if the mental foramen is located and this knowledge is employed when performing surgical procedures in the foraminal area.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2004

Primary jugular foramen meningioma: imaging appearance and differentiating features.

OBJECTIVE: Primary jugular foramen meningiomas behave differently from meningiomas arising elsewhere. The differences have important clinical, imaging, and surgical implications. We reviewed the imaging appearances of primary jugular foramen meningiomas and evaluated them for features that might assist in differentiating them from other common jugular foramen lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review identified five cases of primary jugular foramen meningioma. We defined it as primary when it was centered in the jugular foramen and secondary when it was centered in the posterior fossa with secondary extension into the jugular foramen. Secondary jugular foramen meningiomas were excluded from this study. Eight cases of jugular foramen paraganglioma and 10 cases of jugular foramen schwannoma were reviewed for comparison. RESULTS: Primary meningioma was characterized by centrifugal infiltration surrounding the skull base (5/5), a permeative-sclerotic appearance to the bone margins of the jugular foramen (5/5), and prominent dural tails (5/5). Flow voids were absent in all cases. Paraganglioma showed localized skull base infiltration, with predominant superolateral spread into the middle ear cavity (8/8). Flow voids and permeative destruction of the bone margins of the jugular foramen were typical. Schwannoma caused expansion of the jugular foramen with scalloped well-corticate bone margins, without skull base infiltration. CONCLUSION: Primary jugular foramen meningioma is characterized by extensive skull base infiltration. A centrifugal pattern of spread, a permeative-sclerotic appearance of the bone margins of the jugular foramen, the presence of dural tails, and an absence of flow voids are particularly important features that assist in differentiating primary jugular foramen meningioma other more common jugular foramen lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Arcuate foramen and its clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE: The present study determines the degree of ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane in dry bone, plane lateral cervical spine radiographs and computer tomography (CT). The average length, width and the area of the arcuate foramen were measured on dry bone and on cervical CT. Further, age, gender and complaints of the patients of shoulder and arm pain, neck pain, headache, vertigo, and lacrimation in relation to the presence of bony complete or incomplete arcuate foramen were evaluated. METHODS: From February 2004 to January 2005 60 dry atlases were obtained from the Anatomy Department, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey and 416 lateral cervical spine radiographs were obtained from the Radiology department for neurological and orthopedic evaluations. Each complete arcuate foramen was calculated with the aid of Clemex Vision PE demo version computer program. RESULTS: Among the 60 dry atlases examined 7 (11.7%) had complete and 2 (3.3 %) had incomplete bony bridge formation. Of the 416 plane lateral cervical spine radiographs examined, 30 (7.2%) had complete and 26 (6.25%) had incomplete bony bridge formation. Of the 30 complete arcuate foramen 24 (80%) were females and 6 (20%) were males. The frequency of having a complete arcuate foramen in females was 8.45%, and in males it was 4.55%. Further, of the 26 incomplete arcuate foramen 20 (76.9%) were females and 6 (23.1%) were males. The frequency of having an incomplete arcuate foramen in females was 7%, and in males was 4.55%. The statistical evaluations showed that patients with complete arcuate foramen had significant complaints of shoulder-arm pain (p=0.0072), neck pain (p=0.0072) and vertigo (p=0.0598) compared to patients with incomplete arcuate foramen. The patients with complete arcuate foramen had a headache ratio of 12:30 and this ratio was 2:26 in patients with incomplete arcuate foramen and the difference between complete and incomplete arcuate foramen was statistically significant (p=0.0062). Further, no statistically significant relation was observed between both complete and incomplete arcuate foramen and lacrimation. No relationship between age and the presence of complete and incomplete arcuate foramen was observed. CONCLUSION: Presence of an arcuate foramen is always underestimated. Its presence should always be keep in mind in patients complaining of shoulder-arm and neck pain, headache and vertigo are examined.

Adult↗