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PubMed1977

Femur-bending properties as influenced by gravity: III. Sex-related weakness after 4-G mouse growth.

Optimum gravitational intensity for growth stimulation depends upon the type of growth measurement. Although the 4-G field resulted in relatively weaker male bones, relative bone size increased. The more moderate 3-G field is known to stimulate relative bone-strength as well. Femurs from 36 male white mice demonstrated no growth of load-supporting ability Fu after 1 to 8 weeks of chronic centrifugation at 4-G from the fifth week of age. Although measurable with 35 female mice, this growth intended to fall below the control rate. When compared to 82 younger control femurs of the same cross-sectional geometry, experimental female femurs could sustain comparable moments Mu while experimental male femurs could not.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of fractures of the proximal femur].

For early revasculation of the head of the femur and in order to avoid delayed healing, today the surgical treatment of lateral fractures of the neck of the femur as well as of fractues of the trochanter is unquestioned. In a group of 25 injured persons the method of osteosynthesis of the neck of the femur was applied, and its favourable results led to the development of a new method for the treatment of lateral fractures ofthe neck of the femur and fractures of the trochanter.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Bilateral fractures of the proximal end of the femur].

72 patients with bilateral non-contemporary fractures of the proximal end of the femur are reviewed. This group is compared with 203 similar unilateral lesions. A statistical analysis is performed. The age of the patients, when sustaining the first of bilateral fractures and in the control group is similar. The second fracture occurs sooner in men than in women; The mortality for the second fracture does not differ from that in the control group in spite of the higher average age of the bilateral group. Fractures of the proximal end of the femur appear to occur more often in isolated subjects, The second fracture preferentially affects the same site (cervical or trochanteric region). An individual who sustains bilateral noncontemporary fractures of the proximal end of the femur is not distinguishable by poor general condition but has a weak point in the cervical or trochanteric region.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the upper femur after low friction arthroplasty.

In 169 low friction arthroplasties, an extension to 10 years of the radiological appearances, noted at 4 years after acrylic cement had been in the medullary cavity of the femur, there was no grossly visible evidence of deterioration. An increased number of femora showed hypertrophy with normal bone texture. The number showing atrophy remained the same at about 4.8%. Absorption of the medial neck of the femur averaged 5.5 mm over the whole study and was often preceded by small cystic areas. Evidence of demarcation of cement from the endosteal surface of the femur was absent in 66%. When demarcation did occur, in most cases it was confined to the tip or below the midlevel of the stem. In only 2.4% did it reach slightly above the midlevel. No tendency could be found for the radiological appearances of medial femoral neck absorption or cement demarcation to predominate in patients with lower grade levels of function. Improved techniques, by which more perfect fixation between cement and bone in the upper level of the prosthetic stem is achieved, may eliminate instances of loosening and localized bone erosion encountered elsewhere.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Growth and remodeling of the hip joint and proximal femur in adolescent dogs. A scintimetric investigation with special reference to hip dysplasia and estradiol induced changes.

The uptake of 85Sr was shown to be higher in dysplastic hip joints than in normal joints of adolescent dogs. This was interpreted as a sign of increased remodeling. In contrast, the uptake of 85Sr in the growth plate and metaphysis of the proximal femur was lower in dogs with hip dysplasia than in dogs with normal hip joints. This was interpreted as a sign of retarded growth of the proximal femur (more advanced skeletal maturation). Greyhounds of bitches, which were injected with estradiol during pregnancy, also showed retarded growth of the proximal femur. This was interpreted as a late effect of estradiol.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of different doses of oestradiol-17 beta on collagen synthesis in the femur of castrated female rats.

The effect of different doses of oestradiol-17beta on collagen metabolism in the femur of castrated young mature female rats was studied. The animals received daily injections of the hormone for 21 days and 25 muCi [14C] proline was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before the rats were sacrificed. The rats receiving 1 mug oestradiol per day had a significantly higher specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone compared to the normal and the castrated control rats. At the same time the bone weights and collagen content per femur was less in the rats receiving oestradiol 1 and 2 mug/day than in the control animals. The higher specific activity of bone hydroxyproline in the rats receiving oestradiol-17beta 1 mug/day did not, however, indicate a higher bone collagen accretion rate. As all rats received the same amount of [14C] proline, and the body weights differed considerably at sacrifice, tha naimals probably had different tissue fluid concentrations of [14C] proline. This possibility was supported by the observation that serum concentrations of radioactivity were inversely correlated to body weights. "Correcting" for differences in body weights, the castrated control rats turned out to be the group with the highest specific activity. On doses of 10 and 20 mug oestradiol-17beta per day, the specific activity of hydroxyproline in bone was lower than in the control rats while bone weights and collagen content of the femur were not different from the corresponding values of the castrated controls. This finding suggests a "slow down" of collagen metabolism - both with regard to the accretion and the resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Fascicular nailing of the femur and tibia. 14 years' experience. Report of 275 cases (author's transl)].

The use of the fascicular four-pin nail has been introduced to correct certain inadequacies revealed by the rigid nailing according to Kuntscher's method; made up of four tiny pins soldered at each end, it fits the curve of the bone; its elasticity allows a much greater resistance to repeated strain as compared to other nails; an experimental study which compares the stability of fresh femurs cut then nailed according to different methods, reveals a definite superiority for the fascicular nail. The clinical use for 14 years (275 nailings among which 92 cases werefresh closed fractures of the femur) confirms that such a method provides the advantage of nailing without reaming as well as the possibility of immediate weight bearing ambulation for most patients (75% in the cases of resh femur or tibia fractures).

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

A new power tool for removal of methylmethacrylate from the femur.

An air turbine drill will remove methylmethacrylate from the medullary canal of the proximal femur in cases of failed total hip replacement and from the distal femur in cases of failed long stem total knee replacement. This power tool is expensive, but the high cost is partially offset by multiple other uses: cutting burr holes in the skull, doing osteotomies, cutting bone grafts and making windows in the femur. The power of the instrument and effectiveness of the burrs make it important to have instruction and direct experience in its proper use prior to use in the operating room.

Femur↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coxa vara, avascular necrosis and osteochondritis dissecans complicating solitary bone cysts of the proximal femur.

In 2 children with cysts in the upper end of the femur, there were 3 complications: coxa vara, avascular necrosis and osteochondritis dissecans. Coxa vara occurred in both cases and was due in 1 case to pathological fracture, and in the other case to growth disturbance. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, a hitherto unreported complication of bone cyst of the upper end of the femur occurred in 1 patient following pathological fracture and resulted in osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral head.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed1978

Two-plane fixation of acute supracondylar and intracondylar fractures of the femur.

In 37 cases of supracondylar and intracondylar fractures of the femur treated by open reduction and internal fixation, a two-plane compression device, affording firm fixation in either the sagittal or frontal plane, was used with excellent results. Certain anatomic factors and associated injuries to the musculoskeletal system deserve classification, to enable the orthopedic surgeon to accurately evaluate and treat such fractures in the distal third of the femur. A negative attitude has been perpetuated concerning the ability of the trained orthopedic surgeon to reduce these fractures and adequately maintain the reduction for early mobilization. In 97% of our cases, results were good to excellent, and complications were infrequent. The purpose of this paper is, first, to describe a practicable classification of supracondylar and intracondylar fractures of the femur and, second, to describe the results in our series of cases treated a compression device specifically designed for these types of fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A reduction apparatus for femur fractures.

The majority of femur fractures are closed fractures in the mid-third of the femoral shaft. A very well known fixation technique is the one using an intramedullary pin, which is inserted from the hip side. Open reduction of the fracture is mostly applied but the majority, between 85 and 93%, of the fractures are closed and therfore a more logical and safer technique would be closed reduction. However, this technique, also called blind-nailing, is more difficult. Besides an x-ray scanner with a monitor it also requires experience of the surgeon and some special tools to supply the necessary reduction forces to the proximal and distal parts of the femur. This publication describes a new designed reduction apparatus (1), that primarily simplifies blind-reduction of femur fractures, but can also be used for any other operation technique where a good grip on bones has to be provided with a minimum of tissue damage. The apparatus is designed to be used with standard Kirschner-wires and is easy to apply in combination with the existing operation techniques, and does not require special skill.

Femoral Fractures↗
PubMed1976

[Fluoride levels in plasma and femur after single and multiple administration of fluoride in the rat].

In 12- and 22-week old rats the fluoride levels in plasma and in the femur were studied over a period of 24 hours. Without fluoride administration, the normal fluoride concentration was 0.01 to 0.03 ppm in plasma and an average 50 ppm in the femur. Peak values were observed in the plasma 20 to 40 minutes after fluoride intake, with the peak levels being the same irrespective of the age of the animals and the duration of fluoride administration. A quick and obvious fluoride retention in the femur was registered in young animals. Fluoride elimination from the plasma is influenced by the age of the animals and the previous fluoride load.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Osteoporosis and fractures of the neck of the femur: some epidemiologic considerations.

The prevalence of osteoporosis in Jerusalem during the years 1967-71 was studied in a general population sample and in patients with fractures of the neck of the femur. Osteoporosis was determined by qualitative examination of lateral X-ray films of the lumbar spine. The prevalence of definite osteoporosis in a random population sample was 8.6%, and was higher in females (14.5%) than in males (2.9%). The prevalence of definite osteoporosis among 389 patients with fractures of the neck of the femur was 32.2%--37.8% in females and 17.4% in males. The results of this survey support the conclusion that osteoporosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fractures of the neck of the femur.

Female↗
PubMed1975

[Treatment of segmental ischemic necroses of the head of femur with intertrochanteric flexion-osteotomy (author's transl)].

We call conditions with focal necroses in the head of femur "segmental necroses". Where possible we prefer to treat this condition with intertrochanteric displacement osteotomy, either with flexion- or varus displacement. As with arthrosis of the hip-joint the effects of displacement osteotomy are: reduction of tension of the muscles acting on the joint and increase in the leverage of the abductors reduce the work-load of the joint. An intact sector of the femoral head is placed into the weightbearing position and the necrotic segment is relieved. Immediate freedom from pain is supposed to be due to a normalization of the internal pressure in the marrow-cavity. For radiologic examination of segmental necroses of the femoral head tangential films (after Schneider) in addition to AP and axial films have proved useful. Early results of 16 flexion osteotomies for segmental necrosis of the head of femur, followed up for 6-34 months after operation (and further for up to 54 months), are encouraging. Impressive improvement of pain occurred in 14, of gait in 11 patients. The range of movement of the diseased joints, however, was not essentially increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fat embolism as a cause of idiopathic necrosis of the head of the femur. Review of forty five cases of post traumatic fat embolism.

It has been postulated in recent years that idiopathic necrosis of the head of the femur may possibly be caused by arteriolar obstruction by fat emboli emanating from a fatty liver, which would act as a reservoir, due to various causes such as alcoholism and prolonged steroid therapy. A similar situation has been found in human pathology in post traumatic fat embolism. The writers have reviewed forty five cases of post traumatic fat embolism which had passed the pulmonary filter. All the cases were reviewed after a minimum of two years, since this is considered the minimum time within which necrosis can manifest itself radiologically. In none of these cases was there any evidence of necrosis of the head of the femur. These findings, supported by other critical considerations. do not lend support to the theory of fat embolism as a case of idiopathic bone necrosis.

Embolism, Fat↗
PubMed1975

Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.

Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur comprise only 5% to 7% of hip fractures, but are important because of the difficulty in management. They combine the problem of instability to varus deformation common to comminuted intertrochanteric fractures and the problem of delayed union common to diaphysial fractures of the femur. While the benefits of open reduction and internal fixation in decreasing morbidity and mortality have been well established, formidable operative complications have occurred when this fracture is treated like an intertrochanteric fracture. Improved results have been obtained by utilizing a fixation device that can control the intertrochanteric instability and that has sufficient strength to withstand deforming forces that may be present for up to a year while the fracture is uniting. Bone grafting has been found very useful in shortening the overall period of healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Anatomical differences in the femur and tibia between Negroids and Caucasoids antheir effects upon locomotion.

Nine variables of length, width and circumference of the femur and tibia were measured on post-cranial remains of 28 Caucasoids and 45 Negroids. The distance from the point of tibial attachment of the patellar ligament to the head of the tibia (PLID) was also determined. It was found that the Negroid has a significantly longer and narrower femur and tibia than the Caucasoid, although PLID did not vary between the two groups. Thus PLID, relative to the length of the tibia, was less in Negroids than Caucasoids. A factor analysis was carried out in order to examine the relation between PLID and the other variables. It appeared that the same three factors governed the ten variables in both races. In Caucasoids, PLID did not load on either the "length" or "width" factors and appeared unique. In Negroids, PLID loaded on Factor III with two width measures, and this factor correlated positively with the "width" factor. It is suggested that in Caucasoids PLID does not relate to length or width dimensions of the leg but in Negroids it is related to width rather than length.

Anthropometry↗